查尔斯·桑德斯·皮尔士

查尔斯·桑德斯·皮尔士（英语：Charles Sanders Santiago Peirce，1839年9月10日—1914年4月19日；中文常译为皮尔斯或帕尔斯，实际读音为/pɜːrs/，同“purse”，更接近“珀斯”）是美国的哲学家、逻辑学家、数学家，被尊为“实用主义之父”。^[8][9]伯特兰·罗素曾写道：“他是十九世纪后期最有独创性的思想家之一，当然也是有史以来最伟大的美国思想家。”

查尔斯·桑德斯·皮尔士 Charles Sanders Peirce
出生	(1839-09-10)1839年9月10日  美国麻萨诸塞州剑桥市
逝世	1914年4月19日(1914岁—04—19)（74岁）  美国宾夕法尼亚州米尔福德
国籍	美国
研究领域	逻辑、数学、统计学[1][2]、哲学、计量学[3]、化学、实验心理学[4]、经济学[5]、语言学[6]、科学史
信仰	美国圣公会[7]

生平

1839年生于马萨诸塞州坎布里奇，早年在哈佛大学接受教育，后任教于霍普金斯大学。

皮尔士在其一生中被很大程度上忽视了，直到第二次世界大战对他的研究文献仍很缺乏。他的很多巨著仍未出版中译本。他是数学、研究方法论、科学哲学、知识论和形而上学领域中的改革者，他自认为首先是逻辑学家。尽管他主要对形式逻辑做出重要贡献，他的“逻辑”所含盖的很多内容现在被称做了科学哲学和知识论。他发现并创建了作为符号学分支的逻辑学，他发现逻辑运算可以用电子开关电路完成，因此预见了电子计算机。

他被威廉·詹姆士认为是美国当代实用主义的奠基人。

参见

• 皮尔士符号学理论
• 逻辑机（英语：Logical machine）
• 逻辑矩阵
• 数学心理学
• 皮尔士现实主义（英语：Peircean realism）
• 语用学
• 关系代数 (抽象代数)
• 真值表

参考资料

1. Hacking, Ian (1990), "A Universe of Chance", The Taming of Chance, pp. 200–215, Cambridge U. Pr.
2. Stigler, Stephen M. Mathematical statistics in the early States. Annals of Statistics. 1978, 6: 239–265 [248] [2015-09-12]. JSTOR 2958876. MR 0483118. doi:10.1214/aos/1176344123. （原始内容存档于2015-07-20）.
3. Crease, Robert P. Charles Sanders Peirce and the first absolute measurement standard: In his brilliant but troubled life, Peirce was a pioneer in both metrology and philosophy. Physics Today. 2009, 62 (12): 39–44. doi:10.1063/1.3273015. （原始内容存档于2013-01-12）.
4. Cadwallader, Thomas C. Charles S. Peirce (1839-1914): The first American experimental psychologist. Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences. 1974, 10 (3): 291. doi:10.1002/1520-6696(197407)10:3<291::AID-JHBS2300100304>3.0.CO;2-N.
5. Wible, James R. (2008), "The Economic Mind of Charles Sanders Peirce （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）", Contemporary Pragmatism, v. 5, n. 2, December, pp. 39-67
6. Nöth, Winfried (2000), "Charles Sanders Peirce, Pathfinder in Linguistics （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）", Digital Encyclopedia of Charles S. Peirce （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）.
7. Joseph Brent. Charles Sanders Peirce: A Life 2. Indiana University Press. 1998: 18 [2012-09-24]. ISBN 9780253211613. Peirce had strong, though unorthodox, religious convictions. Although he was a communicant in the Episcopal church for most of his life, he expressed contempt for the theologies, metaphysics, and practices of established religions.
8. Weiss, Paul. Dictionary of American Biography. Arisbe. 1934 [2023-06-12]. （原始内容存档于2013-11-03）. |article=和|title=只需其一 (帮助)
9. Webster's Biographical Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. Springfield, Massachusetts. 1960 [1943]. |article=和|title=只需其一 (帮助)

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• Mac Lane, Saunders (1971) Categories for the Working Mathematician, New York: Springer-Verlag。Second edition, 1998.
• Peirce, C.S. (1877) "The Fixation of Belief, （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）" Popular Science Monthly 12: 1–15. Reprinted CP 5.358-387.
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