奥古斯都·亨利·莱恩·福克斯·皮特·里弗斯中将 FRSFSAFRAI(Augustus Henry Lane Fox Pitt Rivers;1827年4月14日—1900年5月4日)是一名英国陆军军官、民族学家和考古学家[1],以他对考古方法的创新和他的丰富藏品闻名。他在国际上收集的大约22,000件藏品构成了牛津大学皮特·里弗斯博物馆的基础[2],而他在巨石阵周围地区收集的古物则构成了威尔特郡的索尔兹伯里博物馆[3]。
他14岁时在桑德赫斯特的皇家军事学院接受了六个月的教育,并于1845年5月16日成为掷弹兵卫队少尉。在长达32年的军事生涯中,他虽然不是总在前线,但也参加过阿尔马河战役等重大行动。1851年,他开始负责试验和报告军队滑膛步枪性能,1852年到伍尔维奇指导使用新型米尼步枪(Minié rifle)。随后,他主要负责在肯特郡建立了一所火枪学校,在那里授课,修订了《步枪教学》(Instruction of Musketry)手册,1858 年又发表了一篇主张改进步枪的论文[11][12]。1850年8月2日,他升为上尉,在克里米亚战争期间升为中校,1858年因克里米亚战争期间的表现获得梅吉迪勋章,1867年1月22日升为上校,1877年升为少将[13]。他于1882年退休,同时获中将军衔。
随着1882年《古迹保护法》的通过,皮特·里弗斯成为第一位古迹调查员(Inspector of Ancient Monuments)。这一职位由约翰·拉伯克创建,后者是皮特·里弗斯的女婿。在皮特·里弗斯的建议下,肯特郡的Kit's Coty House和Little Kit's Coty House是首批受国家保护的英国古迹。[16]
Hicks, Dan. Hicks, Dan; Stevenson, Alice , 编. World Archaeology at the Pitt Rivers Museum: a characterization. Oxford: Archaeopress. 2013: 1–15. It was founded in 1884 with a donation of a collection of c.22,092 archaeological and ethnological objects, which had been assembled between c.1851 and the early 1880s by General Augustus Henry Lane Fox Pitt-Rivers (1827–1900) – who was known until 1880 simply as Augustus Henry Lane Fox....The PRM founding collection was donated to the University four years after Pitt-Rivers had inherited a large estate (and his new surname): an event that transformed his life.
Bowden, Mark. Pitt Rivers. The life and Archaeological work of Lieutenant General Augustus Henry Lane Fox Pitt Rivers. Journal of Field Archaeology 21 (Cambridge University). 1991: 249–251. ISBN 0-521-400775. JSTOR 529871. doi:10.2307/529871.
Spelling as "Lane-Fox" e.g. in Chisholm (1911) harvtxt error: no target: CITEREFChisholm1911 (help) and in Pitt-Rivers (1906) – The Evolution of Culture.
Petch, A. Notes and Queries and the Pitt Rivers Museum. Museum Anthropology. 2007, 30: 21–39. doi:10.1525/mua.2007.30.1.21.
Bowden, Mark (1984) General Pitt Rivers: The father of scientific archaeology. Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum. ISBN0-947535-00-4.
Bowden, Mark (1991) Pitt Rivers: The life and archaeological work of Lieutenant-General Augustus Henry Lane Fox Pitt Rivers. Cambridge University Press. ISBN0-521-40077-5
Hicks, Dan. Hicks, Dan; Stevenson, Alice , 编. Characterizing the World Archaeology Collections of the Pitt Rivers Museum. World Archaeology at the Pitt Rivers Museum: A Characterization. 2013. doi:10.2307/j.ctv17db2mz.7.
Penniman, T.K. General Pitt Rivers Man, Vol. 46, (July – August 1946), pp. 73–74. Published by: Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland. Article Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/2793146 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
Thompson, M.W. (1977) General Pitt Rivers: Evolution and archaeology in the nineteenth century. Bradford-on-Avon : Moonraker Press. ISBN0-239-00162-1