信义宗和归正宗都相信，圣餐是一种“圣礼的联合”。不过，信义宗相信，基督真正身体和真宝血，临在真正的饼和酒当中，更强调基督的真身体和真宝血是在“饼酒之内，在饼酒之下，与饼酒同在”(In, with, under the bread and wine)，其圣餐观称为“同领说”或“真实临在说”(Real Presence)。[3]而归正宗将基督的临在视为一种“属灵的临在”(Spiritual Presence)：耶稣基督的身体和祂的宝血是临在天上而不是在地上。[4]
信义宗根据圣经《福音书》及《哥林多前书》的教导，相信耶稣基督真正临到圣餐当中(Real Presence)，意思是指基督真真正正在“（没有改变的）饼与酒之内，与饼和酒同在，在饼和酒之下”(In, With and Under the bread and wine)， [3] 是一种“圣礼的联合”（英语：Sacramental Union）[8][9][10]。凡参与圣餐的人在领受饼和酒时，都同时领受主的真身体及真宝血，所以路德宗的圣餐观也称为“同领说”：
Articles of Religion （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Article 28, "The Body of Christ is given, taken, and eaten, in the Supper, only after an heavenly and spiritual manner. And the mean whereby the Body of Christ is received and eaten in the Supper, is Faith."
Statement on the Lord's Supper （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod, "we need to study Christ's words of institution in Matthew, Mark, Luke, and in 1 Corinthians, as well as St. Paul's additional statements about the Lord's Supper in 1 Corinthians 11 and 10. On that basis we can establish the following concerning the essence of the usus of the Lord's Supper (consecration, distribution, reception): 1. The real and substantial presence of Christ's body and blood during the usus. 2. The sacramental union of bread and wine and of Christ's body and blood during the usus..."
WELS Topical Q&A: Real Presence, "We reject transubstantiation because the Bible teaches that the bread and the wine are still present in the Lord's Supper (1 Corinthians 10:16, 1 Corinthians 11:27-28). We do not worship the elements because Jesus commands us to eat and to drink the bread and the wine. He does not command us to worship them."
WELS Topical Q&A: Real Presence - Why not Transubtantiation?, "In the matter under discussion, the words of Jesus Christ are unmistakably clear: What is distributed and received in the Lord's Supper is his true body and blood. The words of the Apostle Paul are also unmistakably clear: The elements of bread and wine remain and are also distributed and received in the Lord's Supper. We embrace both truths."
Luther, Martin (1537), Smalcald Articles （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Part III, Article VI. Of the Sacrament of the Altar, stating: "As regards transubstantiation, we care nothing about the sophistical subtlety by which they teach that bread and wine leave or lose their own natural substance, and that there remain only the appearance and color of bread, and not true bread. For it is in perfect agreement with Holy Scriptures that there is, and remains, bread, as Paul himself calls it, 1 Cor. 10:16 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）: The bread which we break. And 1 Cor. 11:28 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）: Let him so eat of that bread."
Real Presence Communion – Consubstantiation?. WELS Topical Q&A. Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod. [26 Jan 2015]. （原始内容存档于2 January 2008）. Although some Lutherans have used the term 'consbstantiation' [sic] and it might possibly be understood correctly (e.g., the bread & wine, body & blood coexist with each other in the Lord's Supper), most Lutherans reject the term because of the false connotation it contains...either that the body and blood, bread and wine come together to form one substance in the Lord’s Supper or that the body and blood are present in a natural manner like the bread and the wine. Lutherans believe that the bread and the wine are present in a natural manner in the Lord’s Supper and Christ’s true body and blood are present in an illocal, supernatural manner.
Lectures on the Augsburg Confession. Theological Seminary of the United Lutheran Church in America (Lutheran Publication Society). 1888: 350 [13 June 2014]. （原始内容存档于2021-03-11）. But in neither sense can that monstrous doctrine of Consubstantiation be attributed to our church, since Lutherans do not believe either in that local conjunction of two bodies, nor in any commingling of bread and of Christ's body, of wine and of his blood.
