严重急性呼吸窘迫综合征相关病毒

“SARS-CoV”的各地常用译名
“SARS-CoV”的各地常用译名
中国大陆	严重急性呼吸窘迫综合征相关病毒
台湾	严重急性呼吸道症候群相关冠状病毒
港澳	严重急性呼吸系统综合症相关冠状病毒

严重急性呼吸系统综合症相关冠状病毒
病毒分类
（未分级）：	病毒 Virus
域：	核糖病毒域 Riboviria
界：	正核糖病毒界 Orthornavirae
门：	小核糖病毒门 Pisuviricota
纲：	小南嵌套病毒纲 Pisoniviricetes
目：	套式病毒目 Nidovirales
科：	冠状病毒科 Coronaviridae
属：	乙型冠状病毒属 Betacoronavirus
亚属：	SARS乙型冠状病毒亚属 Sarbecovirus
种：	严重急性呼吸系统综合症相关冠状病毒 Severe acute respiratory; syndrome-related coronavirus
病毒株
	严重急性呼吸道症候群冠状病毒1型 SARS-CoV-1; 严重急性呼吸道症候群冠状病毒2型 SARS-CoV-2; 蝙蝠SARS样冠状病毒WIV1 Bat SARS-like coronavirus WIV1; 果子狸SARS冠状病毒 Civet SARS-CoV;

严重急性呼吸窘迫综合征相关病毒（英语：Severe acute respiratory syndrome–related coronavirus），简称SARS相关冠状病毒（SARSr-CoV），是冠状病毒科乙型冠状病毒属的一个种。^[2]该种病毒现有2个可传染人的分型^[3]。

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Quick Facts “SARS-CoV”的各地常用译名, 中国大陆 ...

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分型

第一个分型称为严重急性呼吸道症候群冠状病毒1型（英语：Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1，简称SARS-CoV-1）^[3]，发现于2003年，引发了严重急性呼吸系统综合症的疫情，有可能是通过菊头蝠传播到人类的^[4]。

第二个分型称为严重急性呼吸道症候群冠状病毒2型（英语：Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2，简称SARS-CoV-2），发现于2019年，引发了2019冠状病毒病的疫情^[3]，有研究认为，该病毒类型可能是通过马来穿山甲传播给人类的^[5]^[6]。截至2021年6月，病毒溯源工作仍在进行^[7]。统计至2021年2月4日为止，病例数约为SARS-CoV的12800倍，病逝人数约为2900倍。

关系图

严重急性呼吸道症候群相关冠状病毒
SARSr-CoV

严重急性呼吸道症候群冠状病毒1型
SARS-CoV-1

严重急性呼吸道症候群冠状病毒2型
SARS-CoV-2

演化树

截至2021年1月 (2021-01)^[update]，SARS-CoV与相关病毒株的系统发生树：

16BO133 与SARS-COV相似度82.8 % · 马铁菊头蝠 · 韩国全罗北道（2016年采集、2019年发表）^[8]

	Rf1 87.8 % · 马铁菊头蝠 · 中国湖北宜昌（2004年采集、2005年发表）^[9]

	BtCoV HKU3 87.9 % · 中华菊头蝠 · 香港、中国广东（2004年采集、2005年发表、2010年又发表若干新病毒株）^[10]

LYRa11 90.9 % · 中菊头蝠 · 中国云南保山（2011年采集、2014年发表）^[11]

Rp3 92.6 % · 皮氏菊头蝠 · 中国广西南宁（2004年采集、2005年发表）^[9]

	SL-CoV YNLF_31C 93.5 % · 马铁菊头蝠 · 中国云南禄丰（2013年采集、2015年发表）^[12]

	SL-CoV YNLF_34C 93.5 % · 马铁菊头蝠 · 中国云南禄丰（2013年采集、2015年发表）^[12]

	SHC014 95.4 % · 中华菊头蝠 · 中国云南昆明（2011年采集、2013年发表）^[13]

	WIV1 95.6 % · 中华菊头蝠 · 中国云南昆明（2012年采集、2013年发表）^[13]

WIV16 96.0 % · 中华菊头蝠 · 中国云南昆明（2013年采集、2016年发表）^[14]

	果子狸SARS冠状病毒 99.8 % · 果子狸 · 中国广东^[10]

	SARS-CoV 100 %

SARS-CoV-2 79 %

蝙蝠病毒

果子狸病毒

人类病毒

SARS-CoV-2与相关病毒株的系统发生树^[15]^[16] :

Rc-o319 与SARS-CoV-2相似度81 % · 角菊头蝠 · 日本岩手县（2013年采集、2020年发表）^[17]

	SL-ZXC21 88 % · 小菊头蝠 · 中华人民共和国浙江舟山（2015年采集、2018年发表）^[18]

	SL-ZC45 88 % · 小菊头蝠 · 中华人民共和国浙江舟山（2017年采集、2018年发表）^[18]

Pangolin-CoV-GX 85.5 % · 马来穿山甲 · 东南亚（2017年采集、2020年发表）^[19]

Pangolin-CoV-GD 90.1 % · 马来穿山甲 · 东南亚（2019年采集、2020年发表）^[20]

	RshSTT182 92.6 % · 扁颅菊头蝠（英语：Rhinolophus shameli） · 柬埔寨上丁省（2010年采集、2021年发表）^[16]

	RshSTT200 92.6 % · 扁颅菊头蝠 · 柬埔寨上丁省（2010年采集、2021年发表）^[16]

	RacCS203（英语：RacCS203） 91.5 % · 大角菊头蝠（英语：Rhinolophus acuminatus） · 泰国差春骚府（2020年采集、2021年发表）^[15]

	RmYN02 93.3 % · 马来亚菊头蝠 · 中华人民共和国云南勐腊（2019年采集、2020年发表）^[21]

	RaTG13 96.2 % · 中菊头蝠 · 中华人民共和国云南墨江（2013年采集、2020年发表）^[22]

	BANAL-52 96.8 % · 马来亚菊头蝠 · 寮国永珍省（2020年采集、2022年发表）^[23]

	SARS-CoV-2 100 %

SARS-CoV 79%

蝙蝠病毒

穿山甲病毒

人类病毒

参考文献

引用

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[3]
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[4]
Hu, Ben; Zeng, Lei-Ping; Yang, Xing-Lou; Ge, Xing-Yi; Zhang, Wei; Li, Bei; Xie, Jia-Zheng; Shen, Xu-Rui; Zhang, Yun-Zhi. Drosten, Christian , 编. Discovery of a rich gene pool of bat SARS-related coronaviruses provides new insights into the origin of SARS coronavirus. PLOS Pathogens. 2017-11-30, 13 (11): e1006698 [2021-04-07]. ISSN 1553-7374. PMC 5708621 . PMID 29190287. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1006698. （原始内容存档于2020-07-31）（英语）.
[5]
Lam, Tommy Tsan-Yuk; Shum, Marcus Ho-Hin; Zhu, Hua-Chen; Tong, Yi-Gang; Ni, Xue-Bing; Liao, Yun-Shi; Wei, Wei; Cheung, William Yiu-Man; Li, Wen-Juan. Identification of 2019-nCoV related coronaviruses in Malayan pangolins in southern China. bioRxiv. 2020-02-18: 2020.02.13.945485 [2020-02-20]. doi:10.1101/2020.02.13.945485. （原始内容存档于2021-01-16）（英语）.
[6]
Liu, Ping; Chen, Wu; Chen, Jin-Ping. Viral Metagenomics Revealed Sendai Virus and Coronavirus Infection of Malayan Pangolins (Manis javanica). Viruses. 2019-11, 11 (11): 979 [2020-02-20]. PMC 6893680 . PMID 31652964. doi:10.3390/v11110979. （原始内容存档于2021-01-14）（英语）.
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新冠溯源：世卫要求复查意大利早期样本. 德国之声. 2021-06-02 [2021-06-11]. （原始内容存档于2021-06-11）.
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来源

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外部链接

WHO press release identifying and naming the SARS virus（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
The SARS virus genetic map
Science special on the SARS virus（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） (free content: no registration required)
McGill University SARS Resources. [2015-06-15]. （原始内容存档于2005-03-01）.
U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) SARS home
World Health Organization on alert（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
SARS coronavirus. NCBI Taxonomy Browser. [2020-02-14]. 227859. （原始内容存档于2020-11-14）.
Survival of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

参见

[1] [1]
Zhang Zhongxin (张忠信), et al, 2023. Betacoronavirus Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） in Catalogue of Life China: 2023 Annual Checklist (中国生物物种名录：2023版), Beijing, China.

[Thiel-2] [2]
Thiel V (editor). Coronaviruses: Molecular and Cellular Biology 1st. Caister Academic Press. 2007. ISBN 978-1-904455-16-5.

[ICTV-3] [3]
Gorbalenya, Alexander E.; Baker, Susan C.; Baric, Ralph S.; de Groot, Raoul J.; Drosten, Christian; Gulyaeva, Anastasia A.; Haagmans, Bart L.; Lauber, Chris; Leontovich, Andrey M. The species Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus : classifying 2019-nCoV and naming it SARS-CoV-2. Nature Microbiology. 2020-04, 5 (4): 536–544 [2020-03-03]. ISSN 2058-5276. doi:10.1038/s41564-020-0695-z. （原始内容存档于2020-03-05）（英语）.

[4] [4]
Hu, Ben; Zeng, Lei-Ping; Yang, Xing-Lou; Ge, Xing-Yi; Zhang, Wei; Li, Bei; Xie, Jia-Zheng; Shen, Xu-Rui; Zhang, Yun-Zhi. Drosten, Christian , 编. Discovery of a rich gene pool of bat SARS-related coronaviruses provides new insights into the origin of SARS coronavirus. PLOS Pathogens. 2017-11-30, 13 (11): e1006698 [2021-04-07]. ISSN 1553-7374. PMC 5708621 . PMID 29190287. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1006698. （原始内容存档于2020-07-31）（英语）.

[5] [5]
Lam, Tommy Tsan-Yuk; Shum, Marcus Ho-Hin; Zhu, Hua-Chen; Tong, Yi-Gang; Ni, Xue-Bing; Liao, Yun-Shi; Wei, Wei; Cheung, William Yiu-Man; Li, Wen-Juan. Identification of 2019-nCoV related coronaviruses in Malayan pangolins in southern China. bioRxiv. 2020-02-18: 2020.02.13.945485 [2020-02-20]. doi:10.1101/2020.02.13.945485. （原始内容存档于2021-01-16）（英语）.

[6] [6]
Liu, Ping; Chen, Wu; Chen, Jin-Ping. Viral Metagenomics Revealed Sendai Virus and Coronavirus Infection of Malayan Pangolins (Manis javanica). Viruses. 2019-11, 11 (11): 979 [2020-02-20]. PMC 6893680 . PMID 31652964. doi:10.3390/v11110979. （原始内容存档于2021-01-14）（英语）.

[7] [7]
新冠溯源：世卫要求复查意大利早期样本. 德国之声. 2021-06-02 [2021-06-11]. （原始内容存档于2021-06-11）.

[pmid31076983-8] [8]
Kim, Yongkwan; Son, Kidong; Kim, Young-Sik; Lee, Sook-Young; Jheong, Weonhwa; Oem, Jae-Ku. Complete genome analysis of a SARS-like bat coronavirus identified in the Republic of Korea. Virus Genes. 2019-08, 55 (4). ISSN 0920-8569. PMC 7089380 . PMID 31076983. doi:10.1007/s11262-019-01668-w （英语）.

[Li2005-9] [9]
Li, Wendong; Shi, Zhengli; Yu, Meng; Ren, Wuze; Smith, Craig; Epstein, Jonathan H.; Wang, Hanzhong; Crameri, Gary; Hu, Zhihong; Zhang, Huajun; Zhang, Jianhong. Bats Are Natural Reservoirs of SARS-Like Coronaviruses. Science. 2005-10-28, 310 (5748). ISSN 0036-8075. doi:10.1126/science.1118391 （英语）.

[book2015-10] [10]
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