蟹守螺总科(学名:Cerithioidea,舊稱Cerithiacea),是腹足纲之下的一个超科,包括有200多个物种,广泛生活于海洋、咸淡水交界及淡水中。原属中腹足目[2],今属吸螺类(Sorbeoconcha)支序。另外,亦有分类将本总科提升至目级,称为“Neotaenioglossa”,可译作“新纽舌目”或“新带舌目”。
蟹守螺总科 化石时期:
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一只活体泥海蜷(Terebralia palustris,海蜷科泥海蜷属) | |
A beachworn shell of Maoricolpus roseus, family Turritellidae. Most of the body whorl has been broken off in this specimen, possibly by a predator such as a crab. | |
科学分类 | |
界: | 动物界 Animalia |
门: | 软体动物门 Mollusca |
纲: | 腹足纲 Gastropoda |
目: | 吸螺目 Sorbeoconcha |
总科: | 蟹守螺总科 Cerithioidea Fleming, 1822 |
多样性 | |
200多个物种 |
多样性
本总科有[3]:
- 1092-1164 个现存物种
- 约 200 个现存的属
- 合共 17 个现存的科
生态
蟹守螺总科本身是一个分化程度很高的总科。其物种遍布全球,但主要生活于热带及亚热带多石的潮间带海岸、长满海草的海床及叶状海藻的生长处。但亦偶尔在河口和淡水也有它们的栖息地[4][2]。除了南极洲,其物种遍布各大洲。无论是红树林、河口滩涂、水流湍急的河流和波澜不惊的湖泊,它们都是主体的物种成员[4]。
化石纪录
分类
蟹守螺总科相信应该是单系群[7],但科与科之间的种系发生学关系仍然在研究中,主要是因为当中的粒线体重组DNA的排序没有办法解答这些问题。现时蟹守螺总科有约 1092-1164 个现存物种,约 200 个属,合共 17 个科[3]。
根据2005年《布歇特和洛克罗伊的腹足类分类》,本分类包括下列各科[8]:
- 海蜷科(Batillariidae Thiele, 1929):又名滩栖螺科[9],单系群
- † Brachytrematidae Cossmann, 1906
- † Cassiopidae Beurlen, 1967
- 蟹守螺科(Cerithiidae Fleming, 1822):单系群
- 天螺科(Dialidae Kay, 1979)
- Diastomatidae Cossman, 1894
- † Eustomatidae Cossmann, 1906
- † Ladinulidae Bandel, 1992
- † Lanascalidae Bandel, 1992
- 糟糠螺科 Litiopidae Gray, 1847
- † Maoraxidae Bandel, Gründel, Maxwell, 2000
- Melanopsidae H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854 - freshwater snails, polyphyletic
- † 后蟹守螺科(Metacerithiidae Cossmann, 1906)
- Modulidae P. Fischer, 1884
- Pachychilidae P. Fischer & Crosse, 1892
- 沼蜷科 Paludomidae Stoliczka, 1868
- Pelycidiidae Ponder & Hall, 1983
- 芝麻螺科(Planaxidae Gray, 1850)[10]:又名平轴螺科[11]。
- 肋蜷科[2](Pleuroceridae P. Fischer, 1885 (1863)):淡水螺物种,多系群。
- † Popenellidae Bandel, 1992
- 汇螺科(Potamididae H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854):亦作Potamodidae[12]。单系群。
- † 前蟹守螺科(Procerithiidae) Cossmann, 1906[13][14]:但若银足螺属(Argyropeza)也划归本科,则本科不再只有化石物种[15]。
- † Prostyliferidae Bandel, 1992
- † Propupaspiridae Nützel, Pan & Erwin, 2002
- Scaliolidae Jousseaume, 1912:单系群,不包括拟蛹螺属(Finella)[15][16][17]
- 蚯蚓螺科 Siliquariidae Anton, 1838
- † Terebrellidae Delpey, 1941 - not a valid name
- 跑螺科 Thiaridae Gill, 1871[2] (1823) - freshwater snails, polyphyletic
- 锥螺科 Turritellidae Lovén, 1847:单系群
(已灭绝物种以 † 符号表示。)
It is possible that a further detailed examination may show that the polyphyletic families Melanopsidae and Pleuroceridae are one family. There is also a close phylogenetic relationship between the families Modulidae and Potamididae and between the families Cerithiidae and Litiopidae.
Bandel (2006)[1]对蟹守螺总科作出多项重大转变,当中包括把原来属于总科的地位改为不分级的蟹守螺类支序(Cerithimorpha)[1]。
其他改变包括:
- family Bittiidae Cossmann, 1906:原是蟹守螺科之下的一个亚科Bittiinae,现时获提升至科一级成为Bittiidae。
- family † Maturifusidae - moved to Cerithioidea from Hypsogastropoda
- family † Canterburyellidae - moved to Cerithioidea from unallocated Sorbeoconcha
- family † Prisciphoridae - moved to Cerithioidea from unallocated Sorbeoconcha
- family † Zardinellopsidae Bandel, 2006 - new family
- family Pachymelaniidae - considered as valid family. It was as synonym of Thiaridae.
- some Pyrguliferidae members (a synonym) are in Paludomidae and some are in Paramelaniidae[需要解释] (instead of Thiaridae)
- family Paramelaniidae at family level (instead of a synonym of Paludomidae)
- and some moves to other taxa
此章节需要扩充。 (2010年8月1日) |
2009年,肋蜷科旗下的短沟蜷亚科(Semisulcospirinae)获Strong & Köhler (2009)提升为短沟蜷科(Semisulcospiridae)[18]。
- 海蜷科 Batillariidae Thiele, 1929
- Brachytrematidae Cossmann, 1906 †
- Cassiopidae Beurlen, 1967 †
- 蟹守螺科 Cerithiidae Fleming, 1822
- 天螺科 Dialidae Kay, 1979
- Diastomatidae Cossmann, 1894
- Eustomatidae Cossmann, 1906 †
- Ladinulidae Bandel, 1992 †
- 糟糠螺科 Litiopidae Gray, 1847
- Maoraxidae Bandel, Gründel & Maxwell, 2000 †
- Melanopsidae H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854
- Modulidae P. Fischer, 1884
- Pachychilidae P. Fischer & Crosse, 1892
- Paludomidae Stoliczka, 1868
- Pelycidiidae Ponder & Hall, 1983
- Pickworthiidae Iredale, 1917
- 芝麻螺科 Planaxidae Gray, 1850
- 肋蜷科 Pleuroceridae P. Fischer, 1885 (1863)
- Popenellidae Bandel, 1992 †
- 汇螺科 Potamididae H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854
- Procerithiidae Cossmann, 1906 †
- Propupaspiridae Nützel, Pan & Erwin, 2002 †
- Prostyliferidae Bandel, 1992 †
- Scaliolidae Jousseaume, 1912
- 短沟蜷科 Semisulcospiridae Morrison, 1952
- 蚯蚓螺科 Siliquariidae Anton, 1838
- 跑螺科 Thiaridae Gill, 1871 (1823)
- 锥螺科 Turritellidae Lovén, 1847:单系群
以下分类单元被移往其他分类:
- Lanascalidae Bandel, 1992 †:今属陀螺目陀螺总科
- 后蟹守螺科 Metacerithiidae Cossmann, 1906 †
参考文献
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