长脚蛛科 (学名:Tetragnathidae ),又名肖蛸科 或肖峭科 [ 1] ,是蜘蛛目 新蛛下目 一个蜘蛛 的科 ,由安东·门格 于1866年描述[ 2] 。
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本科物种有一具拉长了的身体、腿及螯肢 ,所结的蜘蛛网都是空心圆网,其网经长呈水平或稍微倾斜。部分物种通常可在近水的长长植被 里发现[ 3] 。蜘蛛体长雌性约9~13毫米,雄性约7~8毫米。与多半蜘蛛相同,属于本科物种皆有八单眼,其位置如下:
主条目:肖蛸科物种列表
Opadometa fastigata in 喀拉拉邦
Mating behaviour of 山地肖峭
根据《中国动物志 》,本科包括六个亚科、20个属[ 1] ,但有部分分类现时已独立出去,但仍归到金蛛总科 之下。
截至2019年4月 (2019-04 ) [update] ,World Spider Catalog 接纳以下有现生种的属[ 4] :
Alcimosphenus Simon, 1895 — Caribbean
Allende Álvarez-Padilla, 2007 — Chile, Argentina
Antillognatha Bryant, 1945 — Hispaniola
Atelidea Simon, 1895 — Sri Lanka
Azilia Keyserling, 1881 — United States, Panama, South America, Caribbean
Chrysometa Simon, 1894 — South America, Central America, Mexico, Caribbean
Cyrtognatha Keyserling, 1881 — South America, Central America, Caribbean, Mexico
Dianleucauge Song & Zhu, 1994 — China
Diphya Nicolet, 1849 — Asia, South America, Africa
Dolichognatha O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1869 — Asia, Africa, South America, Oceania, United States, Panama
Doryonychus Simon, 1900 — Hawaii
锯螯蛛属 锯螯蛛属 Simon, 1893 :见于印尼、巴西及萨摩亚。
Eryciniolia Strand, 1912 — New Zealand
Glenognatha Simon, 1887 — Africa, South America, Asia, North America, Central America, Caribbean
Guizygiella Zhu, Kim & Song, 1997 — Asia
Hispanognatha Bryant, 1945 — Hispaniola
银腹蛛属 Homalometa Simon, 1898 — Central America, Cuba, Mexico, Brazil
Leucauge White, 1841 :又名银鳞蛛属 [ 1] :v ,见于非洲、北美洲、亚洲、大洋洲、南美洲、中美洲及加勒比海。
Mecynometa Simon, 1894 — Africa, Guatemala, Brazil
Mesida Kulczyński, 1911 — Oceania, Asia, Africa
后蛛属 Meta C. L. Koch, 1836 — Asia, North America, Tanzania, Oceania, Cuba
Metabus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1899 — Mexico, Guatemala, Ecuador, Dominican Republic
Metellina Chamberlin & Ivie, 1941 — Africa, Asia, Canada
Metleucauge Levi, 1980 — Asia, United States
Mitoscelis Thorell, 1890 — Indonesia
Mollemeta Álvarez-Padilla, 2007 — Chile
Nanningia Zhu, Kim & Song, 1997
Nanometa Simon, 1908 — Australia
Nediphya Marusik & Omelko, 2017 — Papua New Guinea
Neoprolochus Reimoser, 1927 — Indonesia
Okileucauge Tanikawa, 2001 — China, Japan
Opadometa Archer, 1951 — Asia, Papua New Guinea
Opas O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1896 — South America, Mexico, Panama
Orsinome Thorell, 1890 — Asia, Oceania, Madagascar
Pachygnatha Sundevall, 1823 — Africa, Asia, North America, Cuba, Europe
Parameta Simon, 1895 — Ethiopia, Somalia, Sierra Leone
Parazilia Lessert, 1938 — Congo
Pholcipes Schmidt & Krause, 1993 — Comoros
Pickardinella Archer, 1951 — Mexico
Pinkfloydia Dimitrov & Hormiga, 2011 — Australia
Sancus Tullgren, 1910 — Kenya, Tanzania
Schenkeliella Strand, 1934 — Sri Lanka
长脚蜘蛛属 Tetragnatha Latreille, 1804 :又名肖蛸属 [ 1] :v — Asia, South America, Oceania, Africa, North America, Caribbean, Central America, Europe
Timonoe Thorell, 1898 — Myanmar
隆背蛛属 Tylorida Simon, 1894 — Asia, Africa, Oceania
Wolongia Zhu, Kim & Song, 1997 — China
Zhinu Kallal & Hormiga, 2018 — Taiwan, Korea, Japan
Zygiometella Wunderlich, 1995 — Israel
下列各属只有化石种,没有现生种[ 5] :
†Anameta Wunderlich, 2004 (古近纪 , Bitterfield and Baltic amber )
†Balticgnatha Wunderlich, 2004 (Palaeogene, Baltic amber)
†Corneometa Wunderlich, 2004 (Palaeogene, Baltic amber)
†Eometa Petrunkevitch, 1958 (Palaeogene, Baltic amber)
†Huergnina Selden & Penney, 2003 (白垩纪 , Las Hoyas, Spain )
†Macryphantes Selden, 1990 (Cretaceous)
†Palaeometa Petrunkevitch, 1922 (Palaeogene, Florissant )
†Palaeopachygnatha Petrunkevitch, 1922 (Palaeogene, Florissant)
†Priscometa Petrunkevitch, 1958 (Palaeogene, Baltic amber)
†Samlandicmeta Wunderlich, 2012 (Palaeogene, Baltic amber)
Deliochus Simon, 1894 – now in 圆蛛科
Menosira Chikuni, 1955 – now a synonym of Metellina
Phonognatha Simon, 1894 – now in Araneidae
Prolochus Thorell, 1895 – see Dolichognatha
Menge, Anton. Preussische Spinnen. Erste Abtheilung. Schriften der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Danzig (N.F.). 1866, 1 .
Kindall; et al. Arachnidae: An Encyclopedia. San Diego, CA: Random House. 2005: 567.
Dunlop, J. A., Penney, D. & Jekel, D. 2018. A summary list of fossil spiders and their relatives. In World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern, online at http://wsc.nmbe.ch (页面存档备份 ,存于互联网档案馆 ), version 19.0, accessed on 7 October 2018.
Chickering, A.M. (1963). The Male of Mecynometa globosa (O. P.-Cambridge) (Araneae, Argiopidae). Psyche 70:180–183. PDF