长脚蛛科（学名：Tetragnathidae），又名肖蛸科或肖峭科[1]，是蜘蛛目新蛛下目一个蜘蛛的科，由安东·门格于1866年描述[2]。
.jpg)
_female.jpg)
形态描述
本科物种有一具拉长了的身体、腿及螯肢，所结的蜘蛛网都是空心圆网，其网经长呈水平或稍微倾斜。部分物种通常可在近水的长长植被里发现[3]。蜘蛛体长雌性约9~13毫米，雄性约7~8毫米。与多半蜘蛛相同，属于本科物种皆有八单眼，其位置如下：
系统学
根据《中国动物志》，本科包括六个亚科、20个属[1]，但有部分分类现时已独立出去，但仍归到金蛛总科之下。 截至2019年4月[update]，World Spider Catalog接纳以下有现生种的属[4]：
- Alcimosphenus Simon, 1895 — Caribbean
- Allende Álvarez-Padilla, 2007 — Chile, Argentina
- Antillognatha Bryant, 1945 — Hispaniola
- Atelidea Simon, 1895 — Sri Lanka
- Azilia Keyserling, 1881 — United States, Panama, South America, Caribbean
- Chrysometa Simon, 1894 — South America, Central America, Mexico, Caribbean
- Cyrtognatha Keyserling, 1881 — South America, Central America, Caribbean, Mexico
- Dianleucauge Song & Zhu, 1994 — China
- Diphya Nicolet, 1849 — Asia, South America, Africa
- Dolichognatha O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1869 — Asia, Africa, South America, Oceania, United States, Panama
- Doryonychus Simon, 1900 — Hawaii
- 锯螯蛛属 锯螯蛛属 Simon, 1893：见于印尼、巴西及萨摩亚。
- Eryciniolia Strand, 1912 — New Zealand
- Glenognatha Simon, 1887 — Africa, South America, Asia, North America, Central America, Caribbean
- Guizygiella Zhu, Kim & Song, 1997 — Asia
- Hispanognatha Bryant, 1945 — Hispaniola
- 银腹蛛属 Homalometa Simon, 1898 — Central America, Cuba, Mexico, Brazil
- Leucauge White, 1841：又名银鳞蛛属[1]:v ，见于非洲、北美洲、亚洲、大洋洲、南美洲、中美洲及加勒比海。
- Mecynometa Simon, 1894 — Africa, Guatemala, Brazil
- Mesida Kulczyński, 1911 — Oceania, Asia, Africa
- 后蛛属 Meta C. L. Koch, 1836 — Asia, North America, Tanzania, Oceania, Cuba
- Metabus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1899 — Mexico, Guatemala, Ecuador, Dominican Republic
- Metellina Chamberlin & Ivie, 1941 — Africa, Asia, Canada
- Metleucauge Levi, 1980 — Asia, United States
- Mitoscelis Thorell, 1890 — Indonesia
- Mollemeta Álvarez-Padilla, 2007 — Chile
- Nanningia Zhu, Kim & Song, 1997
- Nanometa Simon, 1908 — Australia
- Nediphya Marusik & Omelko, 2017 — Papua New Guinea
- Neoprolochus Reimoser, 1927 — Indonesia
- Okileucauge Tanikawa, 2001 — China, Japan
- Opadometa Archer, 1951 — Asia, Papua New Guinea
- Opas O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1896 — South America, Mexico, Panama
- Orsinome Thorell, 1890 — Asia, Oceania, Madagascar
- Pachygnatha Sundevall, 1823 — Africa, Asia, North America, Cuba, Europe
- Parameta Simon, 1895 — Ethiopia, Somalia, Sierra Leone
- Parazilia Lessert, 1938 — Congo
- Pholcipes Schmidt & Krause, 1993 — Comoros
- Pickardinella Archer, 1951 — Mexico
- Pinkfloydia Dimitrov & Hormiga, 2011 — Australia
- Sancus Tullgren, 1910 — Kenya, Tanzania
- Schenkeliella Strand, 1934 — Sri Lanka
- 长脚蜘蛛属 Tetragnatha Latreille, 1804：又名肖蛸属[1]:v— Asia, South America, Oceania, Africa, North America, Caribbean, Central America, Europe
- Timonoe Thorell, 1898 — Myanmar
- 隆背蛛属 Tylorida Simon, 1894 — Asia, Africa, Oceania
- Wolongia Zhu, Kim & Song, 1997 — China
- Zhinu Kallal & Hormiga, 2018 — Taiwan, Korea, Japan
- Zygiometella Wunderlich, 1995 — Israel
下列各属只有化石种，没有现生种[5]：
- †Anameta Wunderlich, 2004 (古近纪, Bitterfield and Baltic amber)
- †Balticgnatha Wunderlich, 2004 (Palaeogene, Baltic amber)
- †Corneometa Wunderlich, 2004 (Palaeogene, Baltic amber)
- †Eometa Petrunkevitch, 1958 (Palaeogene, Baltic amber)
- †Huergnina Selden & Penney, 2003 (白垩纪, Las Hoyas, Spain)
- †Macryphantes Selden, 1990 (Cretaceous)
- †Palaeometa Petrunkevitch, 1922 (Palaeogene, Florissant)
- †Palaeopachygnatha Petrunkevitch, 1922 (Palaeogene, Florissant)
- †Priscometa Petrunkevitch, 1958 (Palaeogene, Baltic amber)
- †Samlandicmeta Wunderlich, 2012 (Palaeogene, Baltic amber)
- Deliochus Simon, 1894 – now in 圆蛛科
- Menosira Chikuni, 1955 – now a synonym of Metellina
- Phonognatha Simon, 1894 – now in Araneidae
- Prolochus Thorell, 1895 – see Dolichognatha
参考文献
外部链接
Wikiwand in your browser!
Seamless Wikipedia browsing. On steroids.
Every time you click a link to Wikipedia, Wiktionary or Wikiquote in your browser's search results, it will show the modern Wikiwand interface.
Wikiwand extension is a five stars, simple, with minimum permission required to keep your browsing private, safe and transparent.
