肋蜷科(学名:Pleuroceridae),又名黑贝科[3],是腹足纲蟹守螺超科之下的一个科,包括有150多个物种,主要是小型到中型的淡水螺,有鳃[4]和口盖,而且一般来说其物种的螺壳的螺层都很多。
本科物种的繁殖属于多次繁殖(iteroparous):当雌雄异体(gonochoristic)的雌性把卵子排放在坚固的表面上之后,年幼的螺从卵里直接孵化出来,而不经过面盘幼体阶段(veliger stage)。
分布
按现时定义,肋蜷科物种只限于在北美洲东岸的淡水生活的淡水螺(但:分布于亚洲东部和北美洲[5])。有部份过往属于肋蜷科,但分布于东亚、东南亚、南亚及非洲的温带及热带海岸的物种,现时已被划归其他科。大多数物种都需要在未受污染的河水或溪流生活,但也有部份物种已习惯了在湖中及水塘里生活。
分类
肋蜷科的分类变化颇大。根据甘武(2007)引述,Thiele(1928)、WenZ(1939)及刘月英(1979)认为肋蜷科应被视为黑螺科(Melaniidae)存在;而Yen(1939;1942)、WenZ(1960)及Brown(1980)则认为肋蜷科应归入跑螺科(Thiaridae);但现时的分类都依从Morrison(1954)的分类,按生殖系统的差异而把旧有的黑螺科分成跑螺科、肋蜷科及狭义的黑螺科[4]。
根据2005年布歇特和洛克罗伊的腹足类分类,本科有下列两个亚科[6]:
- 肋蜷亚科(Pleurocerinae P. Fischer, 1885) - synonyms: Ceriphasiinae Gill, 1863; Strepomatidae Haldeman, 1864; Ellipstomatidae Hannibal, 1912; Gyrotominae Hannibal, 1912; Anaplocamidae Dall, 1921
- 短沟蜷亚科(Semisulcospirinae Morrison, 1952) - synonym: Jugidae Starobogatov, Prozorova, Bogatov & Sayenko, 2004 (n.a.)
原来在肋蜷科之下的短沟蜷亚科被Strong & Köhler (2009)提升为短沟蜷科(Semisulcospiridae)[7]。这主要包括了短沟蜷属及其他主要在亚洲生活的物种。
本科物种的线粒体(mitochondrial)高度异质,在整个腹足纲最高,即使包括已独立出去的短沟蜷科亦是。截至2015年年[update],动物学家仍然无法就此作足够可信的解释[5]。
根据上述2009年的分类,现时本科物种都可被归进一个亚科,即下列七个属(包括一个化石属和六个现存属):
- † Anculopsis Yen, 1947
- Athearnia Morrison, 1971
- † Cassiopella White, 1877
- † Circamelania Yen, 1951
- Elimia H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854
- Goniobasis I.Lea, 1862
- Goniobasis aberrans Stache, 1889
- Goniobasis biornata Stache, 1889
- Goniobasis bistriata Stache, 1889
- Goniobasis borealis Dall, 1924
- Goniobasis callifera Stache, 1889
- Goniobasis carinosa Stache, 1889
- Goniobasis carterii Conrad, 1869
- Goniobasis characearum Stache, 1889
- Goniobasis convexa (Meek & Hayden, 1856)
- Goniobasis cosinensis Stache, 1889
- Goniobasis dakengensis W.Yü & X.-Q.Zhang, 1982
- Goniobasis diegoensis M.A.Hanna, 1927
- Goniobasis drakei (Arnold & Hannibal, 1912)
- Goniobasis elatior Stache, 1889
- Goniobasis eulimoides (Meek, 1876)
- Goniobasis filifera C.A.White, 1886
- Goniobasis gracilenta Meek, 1876
- Goniobasis hannibali Weaver & Palmer, 1922
- Goniobasis imperfecta Stache, 1889
- Goniobasis increbescens Stanton, 1899
- Goniobasis inflata Stache, 1889
- Goniobasis invenusta (Meek & Hayden, 1857)
- Goniobasis jeffersonensis C.A.White, 1895
- Goniobasis jiangxiensis W.Yü, 1977
- Goniobasis judithensis Stanton & Hatcher, 1905
- Goniobasis leedsensis Yen, 1951
- Goniobasis leslieae Firby, 1966
- Goniobasis marylandica G.C.Martin, 1904
- Goniobasis multicarinata L.S.Russell, 1932
- Goniobasis olequaensis (Arnold & Hannibal, 1912)
- Goniobasis olequahensis Weaver & Palmer, 1922
- Goniobasis omitta (Meek & Hayden, 1857)
- Goniobasis pealei Stanton, 1899
- Goniobasis reducta Stache, 1889
- Goniobasis reticulata Firby, 1966
- Goniobasis rodeoensis (B.L.Clark, 1915)
- Goniobasis sookensis B.L.Clark & Arnold, 1923
- Goniobasis stomatopsidum Stache, 1889
- Goniobasis suavis (Dall, 1913)
- Goniobasis subcarinata Stache, 1889
- Goniobasis sublaevis Stache, 1889
- Goniobasis sublaevus (Meek & Hayden, 1857)
- Goniobasis taylori (Gabb, 1866)
- Goniobasis tenuicosta Stache, 1889
- Goniobasis trigemmata (Conrad, 1860)
- Goniobasis unilirata Naranjo-García & Aguillón, 2019
- Goniobasis veatchii (Gabb, 1864)
- Goniobasis webbi Dyer, 1930
- Goniobasis weldensis J.Henderson, 1934
- Goniobasis whittakeri Dyer, 1930
- Goniobasis williamsi Dyer, 1930
- Gyrotoma Shuttleworth, 1845
- Io (gastropod) Io Lea, 1831:只有Io fluvialis (Say, 1825)一个物种。
- Leptoxis Rafinesque, 1819
- Lithasia Haldeman, 1840
- Lithasiopsis Pilsbry, 1910
- 肋蜷属 Pleurocera Rafinesque, 1818:本科的模式属[6]
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