侯奈因·伊本·伊斯哈格(Hunayn ibn Ishaq,809–873)是最重要的古希腊语翻译家之一,是天主教聂斯托利派教徒,同时也是医生和作家,他的医学著作,特别是对于人眼的研究,在欧洲流行了数个世纪。[22]
阿拔斯·伊本·弗纳斯(Abbas Ibn Firnas,810–887)是一位安达卢西亚科学家、音乐家及发明家。他发明了用于制作器皿的透明玻璃、用于放大物体的透镜。他的房间里有模拟的天空,也曾试图发明飞行器。[23]
萨比特·伊本·库拉(Thābit ibn Qurra,835–901)是一位出生哈兰的翻译家、数学家,他在翻译时也会加入自己的研究。曾尝试解决数学象棋问题。[24]
花拉子密(Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī,约8-9世纪)是一位波斯数学家、[25] 地理学家和天文学家。被认为是伊斯兰文明中最伟大的数学家。对阿拉伯数字的传播起著重要作用,他发展了伊斯兰代数学。[26]
巴塔尼(Muḥammad ibn Jābir al-Ḥarrānī al-Battānī,850–922)是一位天文学家,精确测量出来了天文年的长度。他发明的一些数字表还曾被哥白尼采用。[27]
拉齐(Muhammad ibn Zakariyā Rāzī,约854–925/935)是一位出生与伊朗的波斯通才,在医学上的贡献尤为显著,他识别出了天花和麻疹,发现了发烧是人体的自卫措施。他写出了23卷关于中国、印度、波斯、叙利亚和希腊数学的大纲。他对希腊的体液病理学及伽林的放血疗法提出了质疑。[28]
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