黑脉园粉蝶(学名:Cepora nerissa,英文俗名:Common Gull,别名:棕脉粉蝶、台湾黑条白蝶、异色粉蝶)在台湾又名黑脉粉蝶,是粉蝶科的一种蝴蝶,是园粉蝶属的一种,也是其模式种[1]。广泛分布于生物地理分布区的东洋界,包括中国华南、台湾、印度次大陆至马来半岛广大区域,模式产地为中国[2][3]。
Quick Facts 黑脉园粉蝶, 保护状况 ...
黑脉园粉蝶
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合翅形态
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展翅形态
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科学分类
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界:
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动物界 Animalia
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门:
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节肢动物门 Arthropoda
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纲:
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昆虫纲 Insecta
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目:
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鳞翅目 Lepidoptera
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总科:
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凤蝶总科 Papilionoidea
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科:
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粉蝶科 Pieridae
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属:
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园粉蝶属 Cepora
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种:
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黑脉园粉蝶 C. nerissa
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二名法
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Cepora nerissa
(Fabricius, 1775)
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亚种
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共有13个亚种,详阅正文
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异名
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- Pieris nerissa
Fabricius, 1775
- Papilio coronis
Cramer, [1775]
- Pieris hira
Moore, 1865
- Pieris copia
Wallace, 1867
- Hyphina pallida
Swinhoe, 1885
- Huphina cibyra ab. kurarensis
Umeno, 1935
- Pontia coronis
Horsfield, [1829]
- Huphina hira
Butler, 1899
- Appias copia
Moore, 1878
- Huphina nerissa
Butler, 1899
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Close
一年多代。成蝶飞行敏捷快速,好访花,雄蝶有湿地吸水习性。翅膀以白色为主,湿季型翅脉的黑斑发达,而旱季型则只有前翅尖的黑斑,翅膀腹面偏黄。[4][5]
幼虫的寄主为白花菜科(Capparaceae,又称山柑科)中山柑属(Capparis)的植物,包括广州槌果藤(C. cantoniensis)、长刺山柑(C. henryi)、黑叶山柑(C. sabiaefolia,又称毛瓣蝴蝶木)、兰屿山柑(C. lanceolaris)、野香橼花(C. sbodinieri)等植物,取食部位为新芽及幼叶之叶片。[3][4][6]
驱体背面黑褐色,覆有白色毛及鳞片;腹面白色。雄蝶翅背面底色白色,翅脉覆暗色鳞。前翅翅顶及外缘有黑褐色纹;M3室有一黑褐色斑点。旱季型个体前翅腹复面底色白色,翅顶浅褐色,后翅浅褐色;湿季型个体前后翅底色均呈白色,翅脉上覆暗色鳞;前后翅翅面上有一列暗色纹。季节变异十分显著。湿季型个体翅面沿翅脉分布的黑得色鳞很发达,使翅脉看起来十分明显,旱季型个体的黑褐色麟则明显减退,翅腹面底色也较为晦暗。[4]
两性异形,雌雄斑纹明显相异。雌蝶于湿季型翅脉明显黑化,翅缘有宽黑边;前后翅翅面亦有一列明显的暗色纹;旱季型个体色彩较淡,翅腹面季节变化与雄蝶相似。雌蝶的翅背面黑褐色鳞较雄蝶发达,尤其是湿季型个体。雌蝶腹部腹面有白色垫状发香鳞块,雄蝶则无此构造。[4]
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雄蝶湿季翅面形态
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雌蝶湿季翅面形态
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雄蝶旱季翅面形态
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一年多代。成蝶飞行敏捷快速,好访花,多出现在寄主植物附近的林区,灌丛和废弃耕地,雄蝶有吸水的习性[5][3]。雌蝶偏好寄主的新芽处产卵,散产在叶上面。孵出的幼虫先取食整个卵壳,之后就取食嫩叶。幼虫通常停留在叶中脉上面。每次脱皮后幼虫会把旧皮吃掉,只留下头壳。幼虫最后在寄主叶下面或叶柄下化蛹[6][8]。
共13个亚种,按发表日期顺序如下:
- C. n. nerissa 指名亚种 分布于越南北部及华南(广西、香港等)[7][9]
- C. n. phryne (Fabricius, 1775) 分布于印度北部至缅甸西部一带[2]
- C. n. evagete (Cramer, [1779]) 分布于斯里兰卡和印度南部[10]
- C. n. corva (Wallace, 1867) 分布于印尼爪哇岛[11]
- C. n. lichenosa (Moore, 1877) 分布于安达曼群岛[12]
- C. n. dapha (Moore, 1878) 分布于中南半岛北部至中部、浮罗交怡[13]
- C. n. vaso (Doherty, 1891) 分布于印尼松巴哇岛[14]
- C. n. sumatrana (Hagen, 1894) 分布于印尼苏门答腊[15]
- C. n. cibyra 东南亚种 Fruhstorfer, 1910 分布于台湾、福建等[7][16]
- C. n. physkon Fruhstorfer, 1910 分布于印尼龙目岛[16]
- C. n. margilatior (Martin, 1919) 分布于印尼苏门答腊楠榜省[17]
- C. n. yunnanensis 云南亚种 Mell, 1951 分布于中国云南[7][18]
- C. n. dissimilis (Rothschild, 1892) 分布于印尼巴厘岛[19]
Billberg, 1820; Enumeratio Insectorum Enum. Ins. Mus. Billb. : 76
Fabricius, 1775; Systema Entomologiae, sistens Insectorum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, Adiectis Synonymis, Locis, Descriptionibus, Observationibus Syst. Ent.: 471, 473, no. 123
罗益奎、许永亮. 郊野情报蝴蝶篇 (第三版). 渔农自然护理署. 2010. 242-243 页.
周尧 (编). 中国蝶类志 1. 河南科学技术出版社. 1994: 255 (中文(中国大陆)).
Cramer, [1775]; Uitlandsche Kapellen (Papillons exotiques) Uitl. Kapellen 1 (1-7): pl. 44, f. A
Cramer, [1779]; Uitlandsche Kapellen (Papillons exotiques) Uitl. Kapellen 3 (17-21): pl. 221, f. F, G
Wallace, 1867; On the Pieridae of the Indian and Australian Regions Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. (3) 4 (3): 339-340
Moore, 1877; The Lepidopterous Fauna of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1877 (3): 591
Moore, 1878; A list of the Lepidopterous Insects collected by Mr. Ossian Limborg in Upper Tenasserim, with Descriptions of new Species Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1878 (4): 838
Doherty, 1891; The Butterflies of Sumba and Sumbawa, with some Account of the Island of Sumba J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 60 Pt.II (2): 188
Hagen, 1894; rzeichnis der von mir auf Sumatra gefangenen Dt. ent. Z. Iris 7 (1): 32
Fruhstorfer, 1910; 2. Familie: Pieridae, Weisslinge in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 141-142
Martin, 1919; Die Tagfalter der Insel Celebes. 3. Fortsetzung Dt. ent. Z. Iris 33 (1/2) (3/4): 70
Mell, 1951; Zool. Stuttgart 36 (100): 98
Rothschild, 1892; Notes on a Collection of Lepidoptera made by William Doherty in Southern Celebes during August and September 1891. Part I, Rhopalocera Dt. ent. Z. Iris 5 (2): 440, pl. 5, f. 5-6
- 19世纪
- Godart, 1819, Encyclopédie Méthodique. Histoire naturelle Entomologie, ou histoire naturelle des crustacés, des arachnides et des insectes Encyclopédie Méthodique 9 (1): 132
- Horsfield, [1829], Descriptive Catalogue of the Lepidopterous Insects contained in the Museum of the Horourable East-India Company, illustrated by coloured figures of new species Descr. Cat. lep. Ins. Mus. East India Coy (2): 144, (1): pl. 4, f. 9, 9a
- Moore, 1865; List of diurnal Lepidoptera collected by Capt. A.M. Lang in the N. W. Himalayas Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1865 (2): 490, pl. 31, f. 17
- Swinhoe, 1885; On the Lepidoptera of Bombay and the Deccan. Part I-IV Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1885: 137
- Butler, 1899, A Revision of the Pierine Genus Huphina, with Notes on the Seasonal Phases and Descriptions of new Species Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (7) 3 (15): 211-212
- 20世纪
- Piepers & Snellen, 1909, The Rhopalocera of Java. Pieridae Rhop. Java [1]: 6, pl. 1, f. 3a-e
- Umeno, 1935; Taiwan Koshungun shutoshite Kuraru no Chô-rui ni tsuite Zephyrus 6 : 102
- Wynter-Blyth, 1957: Butterflies of the Indian Region (1982 Reprint), 421.
- Smart, 1976. The Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Butterfly World Illust. Encyp. Butt. World.
- Lewis, 1974. Butterflies of the World, pl. 158, f. 19.
- Walthew, 1997, The Status and Flight Periods of Hong Kong Butterflies, Porcupine! 16: 34-37
- Bascombe, Johnston & Bascombe, 1999, The Butterflies of Hong Kong.
- 21世纪
- Young & Yiu, 2002, Butterfly Watching in Hong Kong.
- Lo, 2005, Hong Kong Butterflies, 2nd edition.