须蚁属(学名:Pogonomyrmex)台译毛收割家蚁属,主要分布在北美洲、中美洲和南美洲的沙漠中,其中蚁种为海地特有种

Quick Facts 须蚁属, 科学分类 ...
须蚁属
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Pogonomyrmex barbatus worker
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 节肢动物门 Arthropoda
纲: 昆虫纲 Insecta
目: 膜翅目 Hymenoptera
科: 蚁科 Formicidae
亚科: 家蚁亚科 Myrmicinae
族: 须蚁族 Pogonomyrmecini
属: 须蚁属 Pogonomyrmex
Mayr, 1868
模式种
栗红须蚁 Pogonomyrmex badius
Latreille, 1802
多样性[1]
69种
异名
  • Ephebomyrmex Wheeler, 1902
  • Forelomyrmex Wheeler, 1913
  • Janetia Forel, 1899
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描述

Pogonomyrmex”是由“pogono-”和“myrmex”两个词组成的,前者译为“有胡须的”,后者则为“蚂蚁”的意思,即译为“长了胡子的蚂蚁”。胡须是为了在搬运种子时能更好地固定住种子,避免球形的种子滑动而进化出来的。

毒液

Pogonomyrmex工蚁的毒液是所有昆虫中毒性最强的,而其中的马里科帕须蚁(Pogonomyrmex maricopa英语Pogonomyrmex maricopa)又是迄今为止检测出毒性最强的。[2] LD50仅为 0.12毫克/千克,而西方蜜蜂的毒液为 2.8mg/kg,与眼镜蛇毒液相当。这种毒液被认为是一种反脊椎动物的防御手段,特别是针对那些进化出选择性以它们为食的捕食者,比如角蜥属的物种。很少有昆虫的毒液毒性经过正式测试,而其他昆虫的毒液可能更强效。

巢穴

该属蚂蚁的巢穴位于很深的地方,其中有许多巢室,它们在里面保存种子,从中为幼虫获取食物。大多数须蚁巢穴周围区域往往完全没有植被,从远处就很容易看到。

狩猎

除了角蜥之外,Clypeadon英语Clypeadon属的蜂类会捕食须蚁,但它们只以Pogonomyrmex的工蚁为食,它们用毒液使工蜂麻痹,然后将它们带回洞穴,作为黄蜂幼虫的食物。

物种

截至 2014年,该属现存物种有 69种,1种化石物种。

  • Pogonomyrmex abdominalis Santschi, 1929
  • Pogonomyrmex andinus Kusnezov, 1951
  • 寄生须蚁英语Pogonomyrmex anergismus Pogonomyrmex anergismus' Cole, 1954
  • Pogonomyrmex angustus Mayr, 1870
  • 安沙须蚁英语Pogonomyrmex anzensis Pogonomyrmex anzensis Cole, 1968
  • 阿帕奇须蚁英语Pogonomyrmex apache Pogonomyrmex apache Wheeler, 1902
  • Pogonomyrmex atratus Santschi, 1922
  • Pogonomyrmex badius (Latreille, 1802)
  • Pogonomyrmex barbatus (Smith, 1858)
  • 双色须蚁英语Pogonomyrmex bicolor Pogonomyrmex bicolor Cole, 1968
  • 大弯须蚁英语Pogonomyrmex bigbendensis Pogonomyrmex bigbendensis Francke & Merickel, 1982
  • Pogonomyrmex bispinosus (Spinola, 1851)
  • Pogonomyrmex brevibarbis Emery, 1906
  • Pogonomyrmex brevispinosus Cole, 1968
  • Pogonomyrmex bruchi Forel, 1913
  • 加州须蚁英语Pogonomyrmex californicus Pogonomyrmex californicus (Buckley, 1866)
  • Pogonomyrmex carbonarius Mayr, 1868
  • Pogonomyrmex catanlilensis Gallardo, 1931
  • Pogonomyrmex coarctatus Mayr, 1868
  • Pogonomyrmex colei Snelling, 1982
  • Pogonomyrmex comanche Wheeler, 1902
  • Pogonomyrmex cunicularius Mayr, 1887
  • Pogonomyrmex desertorum Wheeler, 1902
  • 化石须蚁英语Pogonomyrmex fossilis Pogonomyrmex fossilis Carpenter, 1930
  • Pogonomyrmex guatemaltecus Wheeler, 1914
  • Pogonomyrmex hoelldobleri Johnson, Overson & Moreau, 2013[3]
  • Pogonomyrmex huachucanus Wheeler, 1914
  • Pogonomyrmex humerotumidus Vásquez-Bolaños & Mackay, 2004
  • Pogonomyrmex imberbiculus Wheeler, 1902
  • Pogonomyrmex inermis Forel, 1914
  • Pogonomyrmex kusnezovi Cuezzo & Claver, 2009[4]
  • Pogonomyrmex laevigatus Santschi, 1921
  • Pogonomyrmex laevinodis Snelling, 1982
  • Pogonomyrmex laticeps Santschi, 1922
  • Pogonomyrmex lobatus Santschi, 1921
  • Pogonomyrmex longibarbis Gallardo, 1931
  • Pogonomyrmex magnacanthus Cole, 1968
  • Pogonomyrmex marcusi Kusnezov, 1951
  • 马里科帕须蚁英语Pogonomyrmex maricopa Pogonomyrmex maricopa Wheeler, 1914
  • Pogonomyrmex mayri Forel, 1899
  • Pogonomyrmex mendozanus Cuezzo & Claver, 2009[4]
  • Pogonomyrmex meridionalis Kusnezov, 1951
  • Pogonomyrmex micans Forel, 1914
  • Pogonomyrmex mohavensis Johnson & Overson, 2009[5]
  • Pogonomyrmex montanus MacKay, 1980
  • Pogonomyrmex naegelii Emery, 1878
  • Pogonomyrmex occidentalis (Cresson, 1865)
  • Pogonomyrmex odoratus Kusnezov, 1949
  • Pogonomyrmex pima Wheeler, 1909
  • Pogonomyrmex pronotalis Santschi, 1922
  • Pogonomyrmex rastratus Mayr, 1868
  • Pogonomyrmex rugosus Emery, 1895
  • Pogonomyrmex salinus Olsen, 1934
  • Pogonomyrmex saucius Wheeler & Mann, 1914
  • Pogonomyrmex schmitti Forel, 1901
  • Pogonomyrmex snellingi Taber, 1998
  • Pogonomyrmex stefani Lattke, 2006[6]
  • Pogonomyrmex striatinodus Fernández & Palacio, 1998
  • Pogonomyrmex subdentatus Mayr, 1870
  • Pogonomyrmex subnitidus Emery, 1895
  • Pogonomyrmex sylvestris Lattke, 1991
  • Pogonomyrmex tenuipubens Santschi, 1936
  • Pogonomyrmex tenuispinus Forel, 1914
  • 德州须蚁 Pogonomyrmex texanus Francke & Merickel, 1982
  • Pogonomyrmex theresiae Forel, 1899
  • Pogonomyrmex uruguayensis Mayr, 1887
  • Pogonomyrmex variabilis Santschi, 1916
  • Pogonomyrmex vermiculatus Emery, 1906
  • Pogonomyrmex wheeleri Olsen, 1934

 

参考

外部链接

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