阿尔察赫封锁

阿尔察赫封锁又称纳戈尔诺-卡拉巴赫封锁、拉钦走廊封锁，是阿塞拜疆于2022年12月至2023年9月30日对阿尔察赫共和国（纳戈尔诺-卡拉巴赫）的封锁，为纳戈尔诺-卡拉巴赫冲突的一部分。

阿尔察赫封锁
纳戈尔诺-卡拉巴赫冲突的一部分
封锁拉钦走廊的阿塞拜疆方的抗议人士，摄于2022年12月17日[1][2][3][4]
日期	2022年12月12日至2023年9月30日 (2年1个月2周又1天)
地点	拉钦走廊与舒沙 39°45′07″N 46°43′44″E
方法	抗议、静坐示威、道路封锁（英语：roadblock）
冲突方
阿塞拜疆 抗议人士（自称“环保人士”）[5]  阿塞拜疆[注 1] 俄罗斯维和部队  阿尔察赫共和国
领导人物
伊利哈姆·阿利耶夫 安德烈·沃尔科夫[10] 亚历山大·连佐夫（英语：Alexander Lentsov） 基里尔·库拉科夫[11] 阿拉伊克·阿鲁秋尼扬[12][13] 萨姆韦尔·沙赫拉马尼扬
伤亡
死亡	4名平民[14][15][16][17]
尽管阿塞拜疆总统伊利哈姆·阿利耶夫称该行动由示威者自发进行[6]，但有报导指相关行动由阿塞拜疆政府当局策划并进行[7][8]。阿塞拜疆外交部长耶洪·巴伊拉莫夫指阿塞拜疆政府以及示威者要求进入当地检查采矿情况方会解除封锁。[9]

背景

阿尔察赫共和国为受亚美尼亚支持的有限承认国家，居民大多为亚美尼亚人，但在国际上被视为阿塞拜疆领土的一部分。2020年纳戈尔诺-卡拉巴赫战争后双方签署停火协议，俄罗斯维和部队（英语：Peacekeeping operations in Nagorno-Karabakh）进驻阿尔察赫，亚美尼亚军队则撤离^[18]。阿尔察赫在2020年战争后因失去大量领土，对亚美尼亚的依赖更深^{[19][20][21][22]}，在封锁发生前有90%的食物为自亚美尼亚进口^[23]。但阿尔察赫与与亚美尼亚本土仅通过拉钦走廊相连^[24]，拉钦走廊因此被视为阿尔察赫的“生命线”^{[25][26][27][28]}，除食物外亚美尼亚也透过此走廊向阿尔察赫输送天然气，后者的网络、电网与电话线也是由此和外界连通^[29][30][31]。2017年亚美尼亚瓦尔代尼斯与阿尔察赫马尔达凯特间的公路贯通，为连通两国的替代道路，但2020年战争后因中间一段被阿塞拜疆占领而遭截断^[32][24]。阿尔察赫首府的机场斯捷潘纳克特机场则自1990年后即关闭^[26]，因此无法使用空路常态运补，2011年阿尔察赫政府一度尝试重开机场，但因阿塞拜疆威胁将击落飞经阿尔察赫上空的航班而未果^[33][34]。

1989年8月阿塞拜疆对阿尔察赫进行第一次封锁^[35][36]，1991年至1992年第一次纳戈尔诺－卡拉巴赫战争期间阿塞拜疆再次包围阿尔察赫首府斯捷潘纳克特^[37]。而此次封锁发生前，2022年内阿塞拜疆便已三度截断阿尔察赫的天然气管道^{[38][39][40][41]}，最长长达三周^[42]。

经过

封锁发生后，阿尔察赫政府发行糖、荞麦、意大利面、植物油与米饭的配给票

封锁期间阿尔察赫首府斯捷潘纳克特商店缺乏商品的货架

阿塞拜疆方抗议人士使用的俄文标语

阿塞拜疆在哈卡里桥附近设立的检查站

2022年12月22日，受阿塞拜疆政府组织^[1][2]、自称为“环保人士”的民众封锁了拉钦走廊^[5][43]，声称为抗议阿尔察赫境内的非法采矿活动，并只允许亲阿塞拜疆政府的记者进入报导^[44][45]。封锁中断了阿尔察赫食品、药品与燃料的进口，造成严重人道危机^[46][47]。阿尔察赫境内物资短缺^[48][49][50]，被迫进行紧急物资配给^[51]，失业率也大幅上升^[52][53]。许多观点认为此次封锁为阿塞拜疆发动混合战争的一部分^[54][55][56]。

封锁开始后，只有红十字国际委员会与俄罗斯维和部队的车辆被允许通过拉钦走廊^[57][58]，亚美尼亚政府透过红十字会输送了一些急用物资^[59][60][57]，红十字会车辆也将阿尔察赫急重症的病患载往亚美尼亚治疗^[57][61]。封锁期间，阿尔察赫的能源、电力与网络数次被切断^[62]。最初几天阿塞拜疆一度切断对阿尔察赫的天然气供应管道^[5][63][38]，短暂恢复后又于2023年1月17日、1月28日、2月6日与3月10日再次将其切断^{[64][65][66][67]}。1月10日对阿尔察赫供电唯一的高压电线被损毁，阿塞拜疆阻止维修团队前往，阿尔察赫因此每日限电6小时^{[68][69][70][71]}；1月12日连接阿尔察赫唯一的网络宽频电缆被损毁^[72][73]，隔日由亚美尼亚的团队修复^[74]。

红十字国际委员会的车辆通过封锁中的拉钦走廊

亚美尼亚首都埃里温上街抗议阿塞拜疆封锁阿尔察赫的群众

3月25日，阿塞拜疆方进占了拉钦走廊北方一条连接斯捷潘纳克特与数个舒沙地区村落的土路（拉钦走廊的替代道路），声称亚美尼亚方使用此路运送武器^{[75][76][77][78]}。4月23日，阿塞拜疆在拉钦走廊中间（哈卡里桥俄军维和部队基地的附近）设立了一座检查站^[79][80]，此举违反2020年停火协定，俄罗斯^[81]、美国、法国^[82]、英国^[83]与加拿大^[84]等国均表示关切或谴责，但有影片显示检查站设立之时一旁的俄军并未加以干涉^[81]。4月28日，阿塞拜疆自称为环保人士的抗议群众在与总统代表会面后，宣布终止抗议行动^[85]，阿塞拜疆国营媒体表示抗议者对政府在拉钦走廊设立检查站感到非常满意^[86]。6月15日起，阿塞拜疆加强封锁，红十字会和俄罗斯维和人员的所有食品、燃料和药品运输通道均遭到封锁。^[87][88][89]

2023年9月，阿塞拜疆对阿尔察赫发起大规模进攻，占领阿尔察赫全境，封锁宣告结束^[90]。

各方反应

阿尔察赫政府提出让国际环保组织介入以解决争议^[91][92]，但阿塞拜疆政府拒绝与阿尔察赫政府代表沟通^[47][93]，提出解封条件为让阿塞拜疆的政府代表进入阿尔察赫^[94]。数个国家政府与国际组织均谴责此次封锁^[47][95]，认为其违反了2020年纳戈尔诺-卡拉巴赫停火协议中，阿塞拜疆对拉钦走廊双向运输流通的承诺^[96]，也有学者、组织提出如此封锁已出现种族灭绝的部分条件^{[97][98][99][100][101]}。研究纳戈尔诺-卡拉巴赫冲突的英国学者汤玛斯·德·瓦尔（英语：Thomas de Waal）指出阿塞拜疆方的抗议人士肯定是由阿塞拜疆政府派出的，并将其比拟为2014年俄罗斯联邦并吞克里米亚时派出的“小绿人”^[102]。

2023年2月22日，国际法院裁定要求阿塞拜疆“采取一切可能措施以确保拉钦走廊人员、车辆与物资的双向贯通”^[103][104]，但封锁迄今仍持续中^[105]，对亚美尼亚与阿塞拜疆的和平进程造成重大威胁^[106][107]。

冲突各方

封锁期间的俄罗斯维和部队成员

亚美尼亚政府表示阿塞拜疆如此挑衅的行为会造成大规模人道主义危机^[108]，该国总理并批评俄罗斯维和部队的不作为^[109]，还有亚美尼亚官员指出俄罗斯利用此次封锁逼迫亚美尼亚作出开通赞格祖尔走廊、加入俄白联盟国等让步（俄方对此则否认）^{[110][111][112]}。亚美尼亚总统瓦哈根·哈恰图良指出阿塞拜疆未尽其维持拉钦走廊畅通的责任，过去每天有约300至400辆车辆途经此路，但封锁40天以来总共只有约400辆车载运人道物资通过^[113]。阿尔察赫总统阿拉伊克·阿鲁秋尼扬表示阿塞拜疆如此具侵略性、恐吓当地居民的行为令人完全无法接受^{[114][115][116]}。阿塞拜疆政府则持续否认封锁，声称拉钦走廊的民间运输无碍，并将对卡拉巴赫的亚美尼亚居民提供人道援助^[117][118]，外交部发言人称封锁为“假新闻”^[119]，阿塞拜疆总统伊利哈姆·阿利耶夫称赞参与抗议的民众，认为他们向世界展示了阿塞拜疆青年的高贵品质^[120]，并称将此事件称为封锁“并不公平”^[121]。封锁发生后三天，俄罗斯外交部发言人玛丽亚·扎哈罗娃称俄方正致力于解决当地局势^[122]，外交部长拉夫罗夫表示正在调查阿塞拜疆提出亚美尼亚经拉钦走廊运送地雷的指控，并相信情况可以很快得到解决^[123]。

其他国家

• 巴西：大使呼吁双方展开对话，并指任何封锁都会危害纳戈尔诺-卡拉巴赫居民的生活，并威胁亚美尼亚与阿塞拜疆的和平进程^[124]。
• 加拿大：外交部呼吁阿塞拜疆解除封锁^[125]。
• 塞浦路斯：外交部呼吁阿塞拜疆解除封锁、恢复天然气供应^[126]。
• 爱沙尼亚：外交部对封锁对当地居民造成严重痛苦表示关切^[127]。
• 法国：外交部呼吁无条件解除对拉钦走廊的封锁，并尊重纳戈尔诺-卡拉巴赫亚美尼亚居民的权益^[128]。法国国民议会议长娅埃尔·布朗-皮韦访问埃里温期间表示法国关切对纳戈尔诺-卡拉巴赫的封锁与日益严重的人道危机，双方应尽快恢复对话，但她也表示法国不会对阿塞拜疆进行制裁^[129]。
• 德国：德国外交部长安娜琳娜·贝伯克呼吁立即重开拉钦走廊，强调封锁的人道危机后果^[130]。
• 希腊：外交部呼吁阿塞拜疆立即确保拉钦走廊畅通^[131]。
• 爱尔兰：外交部呼吁阿塞拜疆立即无条件恢复拉钦走廊的自由与安全^[132]。
• 黎巴嫩：外交部表示对拉钦走廊封锁、当地居民生活受到的影响深表遗憾^[133]。
• 立陶宛：外交部对拉钦走廊持续的封锁、造成纳戈尔诺-卡拉巴赫严重的人道危机表示关切^[134]。
• 卢森堡：外交部长呼吁阿塞拜疆确保拉钦走廊畅通^[135]，称纳戈尔诺-卡拉巴赫是亚美尼亚人的家园，没有人有权封锁拉钦走廊^[136]。
• 荷兰：外交部呼吁停止封锁拉钦走廊，并呼吁亚美尼亚与阿塞拜疆重新展开和平谈判^[137]。议会通过决议，要求政府呼吁欧洲委员会对阿塞拜疆施压，停止对阿尔察赫居民的敌意^[138]。
• 挪威：外交部长呼吁阿塞拜疆确保拉钦走廊运输的安全^[124]。
• 波兰：议会一致通过决议，呼吁阿塞拜疆立即无条件解除对拉钦走廊的封锁^[139]。
• 西班牙：议会一致通过决议，呼吁阿塞拜疆旅行2020年停火协议，保证拉钦走廊运输的自由与安全^[140][141]。
• 土耳其：驻阿塞拜疆大使Cahit Bağcı亲赴封锁现场，在推特发文表示“卡拉巴赫属于阿塞拜疆”^[142]。
• 英国：欧洲事务部长利奥·多彻蒂对封锁拉钦走廊、在冬季阻断天然气供应表达关切^[143][144]。
• 美国：美国国务院发言人内德·普莱斯、美国国家安全顾问杰克·沙利文表示此封锁会造成严重人道危机，呼吁阿塞拜疆恢复拉钦走廊的自由运输^{[145][146][147]}。五名议员发表联合声明“阿塞拜疆人唯一得以自由抗议的场合即是对亚美尼亚人生命造成威胁时，非常令人担忧。我们呼吁美国、欧洲的伙伴使用一切外交手段，停止此一明显由阿塞拜疆造成的危机^[148]。”2023年1月4日，洛杉矶市长致信美国总统拜登，呼吁美国政府帮助阿尔察赫人民^[149]。
• 乌拉圭：议会呼吁阿塞拜疆停止封锁，停止骚扰阿尔察赫居民，对阿尔察赫居民表达支持^{[150][151][152]}。
• 梵蒂冈：教宗方济各对当地居民的人道危机表示关切^[153]。1月29日再次呼吁和平解决拉钦走廊的严重人道危机，称封锁对当地居民“不人道”^[154]。

国际组织

• 欧盟：欧盟呼吁阿塞拜疆确保拉钦走廊运输的自由，并指封锁将造成当地居民严重的人道危机^{[155][156][157]}。欧洲议会安全与防卫理事会主席纳塔莉·卢瓦索表示欧盟应采取经济手段促使阿塞拜疆解除封锁，称“我们不能在保卫普世价值时退缩。如果我们不作为，谁会去做^[158]？”欧盟外交和安全政策高级代表何塞普·博雷利则表示欧盟不考虑对阿塞拜疆进行制裁，将透过对话解决问题^[159]。
• 欧洲委员会：人权专员杜尼娅·米亚托维奇（英语：Dunja Mijatović）呼吁拉钦走廊立即恢复运输，以避免纳戈尔诺-卡拉巴赫的人道危机恶化^[160]。
• 联合国：联合国安全理事会讨论了封锁一事，安理会各方均呼吁阿塞拜疆保证拉钦走廊运输的自由与安全，但会议并未发布决议^[161]。
• 联合国儿童基金会：表示拉钦走廊封锁对当地儿童造成影响，若封锁持续下去，会有更多儿童缺乏基本粮食与其健康成长所需的其他资源，也造成许多儿童被迫与父母或监护人分离^[162]。
• 集体安全条约组织：秘书长斯坦尼斯拉夫·扎斯（英语：Stanislav Zas）称封锁一事不属该组织的责任范围^[163][164]。

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17. First death from starvation reported in blockade-struck Nagorno-Karabakh. oc-media.org. 15 August 2023 [2024-03-04]. （原始内容存档于2023-09-20）.
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19. Green, Anna. Weaponizing Energy: Nagorno-Karabakh's Energy Supplies Under Siege. EVN Report. 2023-02-09 [2023-02-13]. （原始内容存档于2023-03-01）.
20. Food Security Risk: Large Portion of Artsakh's Bread Basket Lost. Hetq.am. [2023-02-13]. （原始内容存档于2021-10-25）.
21. Правильное управление пахотными землями Арцаха обеспечит продовольственную безопасность. armenpress.am. [2023-02-13]. （原始内容存档于2022-08-13） （俄语）.
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28. Kolosov, Vladimir A.; Zotova, Maria V. Multiple borders of Nagorno-Karabakh. Geography, Environment, Sustainability. 2020-03-31, 13 (1): 84–91 [2023-04-16]. ISSN 2542-1565. S2CID 216308577. doi:10.24057/2071-9388-2020-04. （原始内容存档于2020-10-07）.
29. What to Watch for as Armenia-Azerbaijan Peace Talks Gain Momentum. Stratfor. [2023-01-29]. （原始内容存档于2023-04-01）.
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31. Krivosheev, Kirill. Fresh Fighting in Nagorno-Karabakh Bodes Badly for Armenia—and Russia. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. [2023-01-29]. （原始内容存档于2023-01-29）.
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34. Kucera, Joshua. Under blockade, Armenians of Karabakh reopen issue of air travel. Eurasianet. January 6, 2023 [2023-01-08]. （原始内容存档于2023-03-14）.
35. Dates and facts around Nagorno-Karabakh's 30-year long conflict. euronews. 2016-04-05 [2022-12-24]. （原始内容存档于2016-04-05）.
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38. Shahverdyan, Lilit. Gas restored to Karabakh, but road remains closed for fifth day. eurasianet.org. December 16, 2022 [19 December 2022]. （原始内容存档于2023-01-31）.
39. Cricchio, Emilio Luciano. For second time this winter, Azerbaijan cuts off supply of heating gas in Karabakh. Civilnet. 2022-03-22 [2023-01-03]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-28）.
40. Bulut, Uzay. Azerbaijan Escalates its Aggression against Armenians. Providence. 2022-03-25 [2023-01-03]. （原始内容存档于2023-01-03）.
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42. Khudoyan, Knar; Léon, Constance. What Russia's invasion of Ukraine means for Nagorno-Karabakh. openDemocracy. 22 April 2022 [2023-01-03]. （原始内容存档于2023-01-26）.
43. Armenia, Azerbaijan tensions rise over blocked road. news.yahoo.com. 15 December 2022 [2023-04-16]. （原始内容存档于2022-12-16）.
44. Kitachayev, Bashir. Nagorno-Karabakh blockade: Azerbaijani journalist speaks out. openDemocracy. 25 January 2023 [2023-03-30]. （原始内容存档于2023-03-30）.
45. Müstəqil jurnalistlər Şuşa-Xankəndi yolundakı aksiyaya buraxılmadı [Independent journalists were not allowed to participate in the action on the Shusha-Khankendi road]. MEYDAN.TV. 2022-12-14 [2023-03-15]. （原始内容存档于2023-03-02） （阿塞拜疆语）. On December 14, Meydan TV employees Aytaj Tapdığ, Khayala Aghayeva and independent journalist Teymur Karimov were detained by civilians and black masked men while going to prepare a report from the Shusha-Khankendi road...The journalists say that before they were returned, their cameras were confiscated and their footage was deleted.
46. Gavin, Gabriel. Supplies begin to run low as Nagorno-Karabakh blockade continues. eurasianet.org. Dec 19, 2022 [2022-12-22]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-01）.
47. Kitachayev, Bashir. Azerbaijani roadblock cuts tens of thousands off from food, fuel and medicine. openDemocracy. 16 December 2022 [21 December 2022]. （原始内容存档于2023-03-30）.
48. Gray, Sébastien. Artsakh Blockade Nearing 1 Month, Shortages Widespread. Atlas News. 2023-01-09 [2023-01-10]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-27）.
49. Avetisyan, Ani. Nagorno-Karabakh reports gas cut for second time since start of blockade. OC Media. 2023-01-17 [2023-01-18]. （原始内容存档于2023-03-16）. Daily two-hour power cuts instituted on 9 January were replaced with four-hour daily power cuts on 17 January.
50. Avetisyan, Ani; Aghayev, Ismi. Food and festivities in short supply as Nagorno-Karabakh enters new year under blockade. OC Media. 2023-01-04 [2023-01-27]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-28）.
51. "Azerbaijan is playing with fire" – Armenian political scientist. English Jamnews. 2023-01-09 [2023-01-09]. （原始内容存档于2023-01-30）.
52. Hauer, Neil. Hopelessness grows as Azerbaijan's blockade of Nagorno-Karabakh enters third month. www.intellinews.com. 2023-02-20 [2023-02-20]. （原始内容存档于2023-04-03）.
53. Khulian, Artak. Azeri Blockade Leaves Thousands Of Karabakh Armenians Jobless. «Ազատ Եվրոպա/Ազատություն» ռադիոկայան. 2023-01-31 [2023-02-20]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-20） （亚美尼亚语）.
54. Bonner, Brian. Geopolitical transformation in the South Caucasus. GIS Reports. 2023-03-10 [2023-03-11]. （原始内容存档于2023-03-21）. By making life difficult for the inhabitants of Nagorno-Karabakh, Baku hopes to achieve three goals. One is to force the leadership in Nagorno-Karabakh into submission. The second is to force Armenia into accepting an opening of the Zangezur corridor and the third is to compel the Russian peacekeepers to withdraw.
55. Oltramonti, Giulia Prelz. Nagorno-Karabakh: slowly but surely, Baku is weaponising the green movement to cut off the region's supplies. The Conversation. [2023-03-13]. （原始内容存档于2023-03-20）. Azerbaijan’s approach has morphed into a strategy to render Nagorno-Karabakh unviable as a de facto state. This tactic is meant to bring about an outflow of the Armenian population of Nagorno-Karabakh through the creation of a humanitarian crisis and to delegitimise the project of de facto statehood and the authorities of Nagorno-Karabakh.
56. Azerbaijan: Blockade of Lachin corridor putting thousands of lives in peril must be immediately lifted. Amnesty International. 2023-02-09 [2023-02-09]. （原始内容存档于2023-04-23）. [The Lachin corridor was] blockaded by dozens of Azerbaijani protesters, widely believed to be backed by the country's authorities.
57. Shahverdyan, Lilit. Blackouts and food rationing as Karabakh blockade enters second month. Eurasianet. 12 January 2023 [17 January 2023]. （原始内容存档于2023-04-23）.
58. Nagorno-Karabakh reports gas cut for second time since start of blockade. OC Media. 17 January 2023 [18 January 2023]. （原始内容存档于2023-03-16）.
59. Armenia sends 10 tons of humanitarian cargo to Nagorno-Karabakh. news.am. 25 December 2022 [25 December 2022]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-28）.
60. Red Cross transports medicine, other supplies from Armenia to Karabakh. news.am. 16 January 2023 [16 January 2023]. （原始内容存档于2023-01-20）.
61. Red Cross facilitates transfer of three patients in need of urgent treatment from Artsakh to Armenia. armenpress.am. 12 January 2023 [14 January 2023]. （原始内容存档于2023-03-13）.
62. Nagorno-Karabakh reports gas cut for second time since start of blockade. OC Media. 2023-01-17 [2023-01-18]. （原始内容存档于2023-03-16）.
63. "Azəriqaz" İB erməni mətbuatının dezinformasiyasına cavab verdi. Azəriqaz. 14 December 2022 [15 December 2022]. （原始内容存档于2023-01-31） （阿塞拜疆语）.
64. Gas Supply To Nagorno-Karabakh Restored, Regional Authorities Say. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. [2023-01-18]. （原始内容存档于2023-04-22）.
65. Khulian, Artak. Gas Supply To Karabakh Disrupted, Restored Again (UPDATED). «Ազատ Եվրոպա/Ազատություն» ռադիոկայան. 17 January 2023 [2023-01-18]. （原始内容存档于2023-04-03） （亚美尼亚语）.
66. Recent developments Regarding Protest Along Lachin Corridor. Caucasus Watch. 2023-01-30 [2023-02-02]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-02）.
67. Stepanian, Ruzanna; Sahakian, Nane. Gas Supply To Karabakh Blocked Again. «Ազատ Եվրոպա/Ազատություն» ռադիոկայան. 2023-03-13 [2023-03-14]. （原始内容存档于2023-03-15） （亚美尼亚语）.
68. Azerbaijan: Blockade of Lachin corridor putting thousands of lives in peril must be immediately lifted. Amnesty International. 2023-02-09 [2023-03-05]. （原始内容存档于2023-04-23）. The shortage of gas and petrol is further exacerbated by frequent cuts to the supply of gas from Azerbaijan and electricity cuts that last an average of six hours a day.
69. Armenia's Electricity Supply to Karabakh Disrupted. The Armenian Mirror-Spectator. 2023-01-10 [2023-01-16]. （原始内容存档于2023-01-31）.
70. Azerbaijan Blocks Repairs to Karabakh Electricity Power Line. Hetq.am. [2023-01-16]. （原始内容存档于2023-01-11）.
71. Ghazanchyan, Siranush. High-voltage power line supplying electricity to Artsakh damaged: Azerbaijan hindering restoration works. Public Radio of Armenia. January 10, 2023 [2023-01-16]. （原始内容存档于2023-01-21）.
72. Internet Service Severed in Artsakh; Stepanakert Accuses Baku. Hetq.am. [2023-01-16]. （原始内容存档于2023-04-24）.
73. Internet Blackout and Power Line Damage in Nagorno Karabakh. MassisPost. 2023-01-12 [2023-01-16]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-01）.
74. Internet connection restored in Artsakh. Public Radio of Armenia. [2023-01-16]. （原始内容存档于2023-01-31）.
75. Gray, Sébastien. Azerbaijan Makes Advances in Artsakh, Violating Ceasefire. Atlas News. 2023-03-26 [2023-03-31]. （原始内容存档于2023-10-01）.
76. Avetisyan, Ani; Aghayev, Ismi. Azerbaijan 'breaches line of contact' seizing positions in Nagorno-Karabakh. OC Media. 2023-03-26 [2023-03-28]. （原始内容存档于2023-06-09）.
77. Stepanian, Ruzanna. Bypass Road In Karabakh Not Used After Azeri Advance. «Ազատ Եվրոպա/Ազատություն» ռադիոկայան. 2023-03-27 [2023-03-28]. （原始内容存档于2023-10-01） （亚美尼亚语）.
78. ahmedbeyli, samira. Azerbaijan takes control of country roads in Karabakh. English Jamnews. 2023-03-27 [2023-03-28]. （原始内容存档于2023-06-09）.
79. Joshua, Kucera. Azerbaijan sets up checkpoint on road connecting Armenia and Karabakh: Armenians have appealed to Russia, which is supposed to provide security on the road, as Baku tightens the noose around the territory's population.. eurasianet.org. [2023-05-02]. （原始内容存档于2023-10-13）.
80. Azerbaijani ‘eco-protest’ ends after checkpoint installed on Lachin Corridor. OC Media. 2023-04-28 [2023-04-28]. （原始内容存档于2023-08-10） （美国英语）. Despite claiming to be protesting environmental damage from mining in Nagorno-Karabakh, the protesters were widely seen as an instrument of the Azerbaijani government, who rarely allow protests to go ahead unhindered and control all access to Shusha.
81. Azerbaijan closes Lachin Corridor to install checkpoint. OC Media. 2023-04-24 [2023-05-01]. （原始内容存档于2023-05-10）.
82. Ahmedbeyli, Samira. Azerbaijan has installs checkpoint at entrance to Lachin road. Information and comments from Baku and Yerevan. English Jamnews. 2023-04-24 [2023-05-01]. （原始内容存档于2023-05-01）.
83. PRESS RELEASE : Checkpoint on the Lachin Corridor – UK statement to the OSCE [April 2023] – UKPOL.CO.UK. [2023-05-01]. （原始内容存档于2023-05-03）.
84. Canada, Global Affairs. Canada concerned with latest developments in Lachin Corridor. www.canada.ca. 2023-04-25 [2023-05-01]. （原始内容存档于2023-05-01）.
85. Azerbaijani "activists" end blockade of Nagorno-Karabakh: The self-proclaimed environmental activists blocked the road for 138 days, stopping after the government installed a checkpoint in Lachin.. Eurasianet. May 1, 2023 [2023-05-02]. （原始内容存档于2023-06-29）.
86. Azerbaijani ‘eco-protest’ ends after checkpoint installed on Lachin Corridor. OC Media. 2023-04-28 [2023-04-28]. （原始内容存档于2023-08-10）.
87. Nagorno-Karabakh again faces shortages as Azerbaijan closes Lachin Corridor. OC Media. 2023-06-20 [2023-07-14]. （原始内容存档于2023-07-19） （美国英语）.
88. Food shortages and fear as peacekeepers refused entry to Nagorno-Karabakh. OC Media. [2023-07-14]. （原始内容存档于2023-07-22） （美国英语）.
89. Karabakh blockade reaches critical point as food supplies run low. www.intellinews.com. 2023-07-31 [2023-08-01]. （原始内容存档于2023-08-14） （英语）.
90. The Number of Residents of Karabakh Who Arrived in Armenia Exceeded 100 Thousand. 30 September 2023 [2024-03-04]. （原始内容存档于2024-01-10）.
91. Artsakh does not oppose mine checks by international specialists: Facts versus Azerbaijan's propaganda. Civilnet. 2022-12-15 [2022-12-28]. （原始内容存档于2023-01-29）.
92. Artsakh's government applies for an international ecological examination of. armenpress.am. [2022-12-29]. （原始内容存档于2022-12-29）.
93. Corridor blockade continues; more than 5,000 in NK have lost their jobs. English Jamnews. 2023-02-06 [2023-02-08]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-08）.
94. Azerbaijan demands Karabakh mine access as condition to end protests blocking road. euronews. 2022-12-28 [2022-12-28]. （原始内容存档于2022-12-28）.
95. Bulut, Uzay. Azerbaijan & Turkey's Ominous Assault against Armenians. Providence. 2022-12-30 [2022-12-31]. （原始内容存档于2023-01-30）.
96. Von Cramon-Taubadel, Viola; Kouloglou, Stelios; Castaldo, Fabio Massimo; Hajšel, Robert; Incir, Evin; Kaljurand, Marina; Marques, Pedro; Santos, Isabel; et al. Joint Motionfor a Resolution on the humanitarian consequences of the blockade in Nagorno-Karabakh. European Parliament. [2023-01-19]. RC-B9-0075/2023. （原始内容存档于2023-02-28）.
97. Genocide Warning: Azerbaijan and Nagorno-Karabakh, Genocide Watch, 23 September 2022 [3 January 2023], （原始内容存档于2023-02-27）
98. Genocide Warning: Nagorno Karabakh. 120,000 people are under siege. [2022-12-28]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-26）.
99. Red Flag Alert for Genocide – Azerbaijan Update 4. Lemkin Institute. [2022-12-22]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-27）.
100. Chidiac, Gerry. World stands by in the face of the Second Armenian Genocide. Troy Media. 2023-02-09 [2023-02-13]. （原始内容存档于2023-03-07）.
101. Gregorian, Alin K. Difficult Road Ahead for Karabakh and Armenia. The Armenian Mirror-Spectator. 2022-12-20 [2023-04-01]. （原始内容存档于2023-03-02）.
102. Gavin, Gabriel. Nagorno-Karabakh: protestors cause crisis in Russia's backyard. Reaction. 2022-12-13 [2022-12-27]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-03）.
103. UN Court Orders Azerbaijan To Unblock Lachin Corridor Amid Armenian Accusations Of 'Ethnic Cleansing'. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. [2023-02-23]. （原始内容存档于2023-04-23）.
104. The Court indicates a provisional measure to ensure unimpeded movement of persons, vehicles and cargo along the Lachin Corridor (PDF). International Court of Justice. 2023-02-22 [2023-02-23]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2023-02-23）.
105. Statement on Azerbaijan s Noncompliance with February 22nd ICJ Order to Unblock Lachin Corridor. Lemkin Institute. [2023-04-13]. （原始内容存档于2023-04-15）.
106. Wood, Robert. Remarks by Ambassador Robert Wood at a UN Security Council Meeting on Armenia and Azerbaijan. 20 December 2022 [2023-04-16]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-04）. Let me be clear: impediments to the use of the Lachin Corridor sets back the peace process. They undermine international confidence in this process.
107. The Pressing Task of Advancing Peace Talks in the South Caucasus. www.crisisgroup.org. 2023-01-31 [2023-03-16]. （原始内容存档于2023-03-31）. Citing the blockade, Armenia’s foreign minister pulled out of a meeting with his Azerbaijani counterpart that Russia was to host on 23 December.
108. Statement of the Foreign Ministry of Armenia on the Azerbaijani provocation in the Lachin Corridor. www.mfa.am. [2023-04-01]. （原始内容存档于2023-04-01）.
109. Liffey, Kevin (编). Kremlin says it is concerned about Karabakh blockade after Armenian criticism. Reuters. 2022-12-29 [2022-12-29]. （原始内容存档于27 February 2022）. 含有内容需登入查看的页面 (link)
110. "Lachin corridor may open as a result of compromises" – political scientist. English Jamnews. 2022-12-27 [2023-01-10]. （原始内容存档于2023-01-10）.
111. Kremlin slams Armenia claims on joining Russia-Belarus union. iranpress.com. [2023-01-10]. （原始内容存档于2023-01-10）.
112. Russia Denies Reports on Pressuring Armenia to Join Union State. MassisPost. 2022-12-30 [2023-01-10]. （原始内容存档于2023-01-31）.
113. Хачатурян о разблокировании Лачинского коридора: Российская сторона не хочет применять силу. news.am. [16 January 2023]. （原始内容存档于2023-01-19） （俄语）.
114. Karabakh President: We are convinced that Russian peacekeepers will use all mechanisms. news.am. [2022-12-27]. （原始内容存档于2022-12-27）.
115. Ghazanchyan, Siranush. Azerbaijan's behavior an unprecedented challenge, Artsakh's President says. Public Radio of Armenia. December 12, 2022 [2022-12-27]. （原始内容存档于2022-12-27）.
116. Aggressive behavior of Azerbaijan, through which it terrorizes our population, is highly unacceptable: President of Artsakh. www.1lurer.am. [2022-12-27]. （原始内容存档于2022-12-27）.
117. Armenia says Azerbaijan behind Nagorno-Karabakh roadblock 'crisis'. France 24. 15 December 2022 [19 December 2022]. （原始内容存档于2022-12-29）.
118. Baku denies Lachin road blocked, voices readiness to meet humanitarian needs of ethnic Armenians. Azernews. 15 December 2022 [15 December 2022]. （原始内容存档于2022-12-28）.
119. Hajizada, Aykhan [@Aykhanh]. Contrary to the misinformation on the "blockade," the @ICRC vehicles and #Armenian ambulances are passing freely through the #Lachin road. This is on top of multiple cases of passing through the road several times each day. Claims about the blockade are fake news! t.co/BgvYIcTudg (推文). 19 December 2022 [14 January 2023]. （原始内容存档于13 January 2023） –通过Twitter.
120. Azerbaijan's president makes first remarks on Karabakh blockade. eurasianet.org. [2023-01-13]. （原始内容存档于2023-04-23）.
121. Ilham Aliyev was interviewed by local TV channels. Official web-site of President of Azerbaijan Republic. president.az. 10 January 2023 [12 January 2023]. （原始内容存档于2023-03-10）.
122. Tensions rise between Armenia and Azerbaijan over blocked supply corridor. Reuters. 2022-12-15 [2023-04-01]. （原始内容存档于2022-12-27）.
123. Talks with Zelensky, previous relations with West impossible, Lavrov tells media. TASS. 18 January 2023 [19 January 2023]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-27）.
124. Despite 'Glimmer of Hope' in Armenia, Azerbaijan Conflict, Escalating Tensions Threaten to Derail Fragile Progress, Senior Official Tells Security Council. press.un.org. [2022-12-22]. （原始内容存档于2022-12-27）.
125. The Canadian Foreign Ministry calls on Azerbaijan to open the Lachin Corridor. Radar.am. [2023-04-17]. （原始内容存档于2022-12-15）.
126. Ghazanchyan, Siranush. Cyprus calls on Azerbaijan to lift blockade of Lachin corridor and restore gas supply. Public Radio of Armenia. 14 December 2022 [2023-04-17]. （原始内容存档于2023-03-30）.
127. Estonian MFA 🇪🇪 | 🌻 #StandWithUkraine [@MFAestonia]. Continuing blockade of #LachinCorridor causes severe human suffering of the local population in #NagornoKarabakh & has damaging impact on the ongoing peace process btw 🇦🇲&🇦🇿. 🇪🇪 calls on parties to adhere to trilateral statement of Nov 2020 & to return to peaceful negotiations. (推文). 17 December 2022 [29 December 2022]. （原始内容存档于21 December 2022） –通过Twitter.
128. Green, Anna. The Lachin Corridor: A Looming Humanitarian Catastrophe. 14 December 2022 [2023-04-17]. （原始内容存档于2022-12-24）.
129. "We have chosen the path of active mediation" – French National Assembly Speaker in Yerevan. English Jamnews. 13 January 2023 [14 January 2023]. （原始内容存档于2023-01-31）.
130. Germany urges 'immediate' end to Nagorno-Karabakh blockade. Al Arabiya. 7 February 2023 [9 February 2023]. （原始内容存档于2023-03-19）.
131. Υπουργείο Εξωτερικών [@GreeceMFA]. Greece calls on Azerbaijani authorities to ensure freedom & security of movement & transport, in both directions along the Lachin corridor without any preconditions in compliance with the Tripartite Statement of 09.11.20 Local population should be spared from hardships&distress t.co/vYLzOGkqDb (推文). 15 December 2022 [20 December 2022]. （原始内容存档于17 December 2022） –通过Twitter.
132. Despite 'Glimmer of Hope' in Armenia, Azerbaijan Conflict, Escalating Tensions Threaten to Derail Fragile Progress, Senior Official Tells Security Council. press.un.org. [2022-12-21]. （原始内容存档于2022-12-27）.
133. Foreign Ministry deplores closure of Lachin corridor, urges dialogue between Armenia and Azerbaijan. National News Agency. [2023-01-26]. （原始内容存档于2023-04-03）.
134. Lithuania MFA | #StandWithUkraine [@LithuaniaMFA]. Deeply concerned about the continuing blockade of #LachinCorridor, resulting in severe humanitarian consequences for #NagornoKarabakh. Such developments not only hinder the free movement, but also derail the whole peace process in South Caucasus. (推文). 16 December 2022 [20 December 2022]. （原始内容存档于19 December 2022） –通过Twitter.
135. Statement on Lachin Corridor. Twitter. 2023-02-22 [2023-02-23]. （原始内容存档于2023-03-17）.
136. "It's the homeland of Armenians and nobody has the right to block Lachin Corridor" – Luxembourg Foreign Minister. armenpress.am. [2023-02-23]. （原始内容存档于2023-04-24）.
137. Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs 🇳🇱 [@DutchMFA]. The Netherlands is closely following the situation in the #Lachin corridor. We call on Azerbaijan to ensure freedom and security of movement, and encourage Armenia and Azerbaijan to restart peace negotiations as soon as possible. t.co/jUIphIjscf (推文). 15 December 2022 [20 December 2022]. （原始内容存档于19 December 2022） –通过Twitter.
138. Dutch Parliament adopts motion calling for opening of Lachin Corridor. Public Radio of Armenia. [2023-01-22]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-28）.
139. Klich, Bogdan. Uchwała Komisji Spraw Zagranicznych i Unii Europejskiej Senatu RP w sprawie blokady Korytarza Laczyńskiego (PDF). 25 January 2023 [26 January 2023]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2023-01-26）.
140. The Spanish Parliament calls on Azerbaijan to ensure the freedom and safety of movement through the Lachin Corridor. armenpress.am. [2022-12-22]. （原始内容存档于2023-04-24）.
141. BOCG. Congreso de los Diputados, serie D, núm. 195, de 16/12/2020 – Congreso de los Diputados. www.congreso.es. [2022-12-22]. （原始内容存档于2022-12-23）.
142. Recent Developments Regarding Protest Along Lachin Corridor. caucasuswatch.de. 26 December 2022 [2022-12-28]. （原始内容存档于2022-12-26） （德语）.
143. Blocking the Lachin corridor and disrupting gas supplies in winter risks severe humanitarian consequences, Leo Docherty. www.1lurer.am. [2023-01-04]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-27）.
144. Docherty, Leo [@LeoDochertyUK]. Blocking the Lachin corridor and disrupting gas supplies in winter risks severe humanitarian consequences. The UK counts on both #Azerbaijan and #Armenia to abide by all ceasefire commitments. A lasting settlement can only be reached through peaceful, diplomatic means. (推文). 14 December 2022 [14 January 2023]. （原始内容存档于4 January 2023） –通过Twitter.
145. ԱՄՆ-ն Ադրբեջանին կոչ է արել վերաբացել Լաչինի միջանցքը. mediamax.am. [13 December 2022]. （原始内容存档于2022-12-16）.
146. Azerbaijan Rejects Accusations Of Karabakh Blockade. barrons.com. Agence France-Presse. 15 December 2022 [2023-04-17]. （原始内容存档于2022-12-16）.
147. Readout of APNSA Jake Sullivan's Calls with National Security Council Secretary Armen Grigoryan of Armenia and Head of the Foreign Relations Department of the Presidential Administration of Azerbaijan Hikmat Hajiyev. whitehouse.gov. 22 December 2022 [22 December 2022]. （原始内容存档于2023-03-24）.
148. Armenia Caucus Co-Chairs Issue Statement on Escalation of Azerbaijani Humanitarian Abuses in Artsakh. Congressman Frank Pallone. 2022-12-13 [2023-01-07]. （原始内容存档于2023-04-03）.
149. Krekorian, Paul [@PaulKrekorian]. Thank you Mayor Bass for joining me in communicating to President Biden the urgent need for U.S. leadership to lift the blockade and bring humanitarian relief to the people of Artsakh. t.co/bBT2kSnO4c (推文). 4 January 2023 [14 January 2023]. （原始内容存档于8 January 2023） –通过Twitter.
150. Embajada de Armenia en Argentina [@armembargentina]. Hoy @SenadoUy adoptó una moción sobre la situación del Corredor de #Lachín, condenando el bloqueo de parte de #Azerbaiyán. t.co/iYeaJE2hk9 [Today @SenadoUy adopted a motion on the situation of the #Lachin Corridor, condemning the blockade by #Azerbaijan.] (推文). 20 December 2022 [29 December 2022]. （原始内容存档于22 December 2022） –通过Twitter （西班牙语）.
151. Ghazanchyan, Siranush. Uruguay's Senate condemns blocking of Lachin Corridor, expresses solidarity with the people of Artsakh. en.armradio.am. 21 December 2022 [21 December 2022]. （原始内容存档于2022-12-25）.
152. Sesión de Senado Extraordinaria. Parlamento del Uruguay. 20 Dec 2022 [20 December 2022]. （原始内容存档于20 December 2022） （西班牙语）.
153. Watkins, Devin. Pope expresses concern over humanitarian situation in South Caucasus – Vatican News. www.vaticannews.va. 18 December 2022 [19 December 2022]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-26）.
154. Watkins, Devin. Pope prays for peace in Ukraine, recalls Lachin Corridor crisis. Vatican News. 29 January 2023 [30 January 2023]. （原始内容存档于2023-04-03）.
155. EU calls on Azerbaijan to ensure freedom of movement. mediamax.am. [2023-04-17]. （原始内容存档于2022-12-16）.
156. Agayev, Zulfugar; Khojoyan, Sara. US, EU Warn on Azerbaijan-Armenia Tensions as Key Road Blocked. Bloomberg.com. 14 December 2022 [2023-04-17]. （原始内容存档于2022-12-17）.
157. Shahverdyan, Lilit. Blockade of Nagorno-Karabakh enters second day. Eurasianet. 13 December 2022 [2023-04-17]. （原始内容存档于2023-01-29）.
158. Gavin, Gabriel. Europe watches on as humanitarian crisis unfolds in Nagorno-Karabakh. POLITICO. 2023-01-07 [2023-01-08]. （原始内容存档于2023-03-14）.
159. EU 'Not Considering' Sanctions Against Baku Over Karabakh Blockade. «Ազատ Եվրոպա/Ազատություն» ռադիոկայան. 1 February 2023 [2 February 2023]. （原始内容存档于2023-04-06）.
160. Movement along the Lachin Corridor should be restored as a matter of urgency to prevent a deterioration of the humanitarian situation in Nagorno-Karabakh. Council of Europe. 22 December 2022 [22 December 2022]. （原始内容存档于2023-04-03）.
161. Details from meeting of UN Security Council on Lachin corridor. JAM-news.net. 21 December 2022 [22 December 2022]. （原始内容存档于2023-03-01）.
162. Statement on the ongoing developments around the Lachin corridor. www.unicef.org. [2022-12-28]. （原始内容存档于2022-12-29）.
163. CSTO Not Responsible for Lachin Corridor, Says Alliance Head. Hetq.am. [2023-01-05]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-28） （英语）.
164. ОДКБ не считает своей ответственностью проблему Лачинского коридора. РИА Новости. 20 December 2022 [5 January 2023]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-27） （俄语）.