公元813年的第三次图尔会议要求神父使用地方语言传道,即rustica lingua romanica(通俗拉丁语)或日耳曼地方语言,因为当时的百姓已经无法理解规范拉丁语。在一代人的时间内,便产生了查理曼的孙子秃头查理和日耳曼人路易之间的《斯特拉斯堡誓言》(公元842年),它使用了一种已经不同于拉丁语的语言。见下文选段:
Pro Deo amur et pro christian poblo et nostro commun salvament, d'ist di in avant, in quant Deus savir et podir me dunat, si salvarai eo cist meon fradre Karlo et in ajudha et in cadhuna cosa, si cum om per dreit son fradra salvar dift, in o quid il me altresi fazet, et ab Ludher nul plaid numquam prindrai, qui, meon vol, cist meon fradre Karle in damno sit.
Grandgent, Charles Hall. Introducción al latín vulgar Spanish translation by Francisco de B. Moll. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. 1882 (西班牙语).
Harrington, K. P.; Pucci, J.; Elliott, A. G. Medieval Latin 2nd. University of Chicago Press. 1997. ISBN 0-226-31712-9.
Herman, József; Wright, Roger (Translator). Vulgar Latin. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press. 2000. ISBN 0-271-02001-6.
Meyer, Paul. Beginnings and Progress of Romance Philology. Rogers, Howard J. (编). Congress of Arts and Sciences: Universal Exposition, St. Louis, 1904. Volume III. Boston and New York: Houghton, Mifflin and Company. 1906: 237–255.
Palmer, L. R. The Latin Language. University of Oklahoma. 1988 [1954]. ISBN 0-8061-2136-X.
Sihler, A. L. New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1995. ISBN 0-19-508345-8.
Tucker, T. G. Etymological Dictionary of Latin. Ares Publishers. 1985 [1931]. ISBN 0-89005-172-0.
Väänänen, Veikko. Introduction au latin vulgaire. Troisième édition revue et augmentée. Paris: Klincksieck. 1981. ISBN 2-252-02360-0.
Vincent, Nigel. Latin. Harris, M.; Vincent, N. (编). The Romance Languages. Oxford University Press. 1990. ISBN 0-19-520829-3.
von Wartburg, Walther; Chambon, Jean-Pierre. Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch: eine Darstellung des galloromanischen Sprachschatzes. Bonn: F. Klopp. 1928 (德语及法语).
Wright, Roger. Late Latin and Early Romance in Spain and Carolingian France. Liverpool: Francis Cairns. 1982.
关于罗曼语族其他语种
法语
Kibler, William W. An Introduction to Old French. New York: Modern Language Association of America. 1984.
Pharies, David A. A Brief History of the Spanish Language. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 2007.
Pountain, Christopher J. A History of the Spanish Language Through Texts. London: Routledge. 2000.
葡萄牙语
Williams, Edwin B. From Latin to Portuguese: Historical Phonology and Morphology of the Portuguese Language. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. 1968.
Batzarov, Zdravko. Orbis Latinus. 2000 [19 September 2009]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-03).
Norberg, Dag; Johnson, R.H. (Translator). Latin at the End of the Imperial Age. Manuel pratique de latin médiéval. New York: Columbia University Press, Orbis Latinus. 2009 [1980] [2016-02-06]. (原始内容存档于2007-10-05).
Corpus Grammaticorum Latinorum. Paris: Laboratoire d'Histoire des théories linguistiques. 2008 [19 September 2009]. (原始内容存档于2009-04-04).
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