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溢流式喷发(effusive eruption)是一种火山喷发的形式,一般由玄武岩浆等流动性高、黏性低的岩浆产生[1]。与岩浆直接快速喷出的爆裂式喷发不同,溢流式喷发中熔岩缓慢、稳定地从火山口流出[2]。溢流式喷发形成的火山锥低矮,溢出的岩浆覆盖面广、会形成熔岩台地[1][3]。
玄武岩喷发是最常见的溢流式喷发形式[4][5]。硅元素含量较高的流纹岩喷发虽然一般会产生爆裂式喷发,但也可以形成流溢式喷发[6]。
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