在饱受战争蹂躏的波兰，犹太人口的萎缩可以按照隔都的存在（英语：Ghettos in Nazi-occupied Europe）划分为不同阶段。在隔都成立之前，[45]犹太人逃避迫害不会涉及法外的死刑处罚。[46]一旦隔都与外界隔绝，饥饿和疾病导致的死亡变得猖獗。走私食品和药品是唯一的缓解方法，林格布鲁姆（英语：Emanuel Ringelblum）称之为“两个民族间历史上最精彩的一页”。[46]在华沙，隔都消耗的食物中有高达80％是非法带入的。德国人推出的食品券提供了生存所需卡路里的9％.[47]在1940年11月至1943年5月的两年半时间里，约有10万犹太人在华沙隔都死于饥饿和疾病；1940年5月至1944年8月之间的四年多时间里，罗兹隔都大约有4万人死于类似原因。[47]到1941年底，隔都的大多数犹太人没有任何储蓄来支付党卫队进一步提供的散装食物的费用。[47]德国当局中的“生产主义者”试图通过将隔都变成企业来使其自我维持，他们的意见仅在德国袭击波兰东部的苏联占领区（即巴巴罗萨行动）之后才压过“消耗主义者”。[48]最主要的隔都通过生产东部前线所需的货物得到稳定[42]，犹太人口的死亡率开始下降（至少是暂时的）。[48]
1942年初春，波兰总督府开始对境内的所有隔都实施系统清场，此时犹太人唯一的生存机会是逃到“雅利安地带”。德国人为所谓的“安置列车”实施围捕；几乎同一时期，德国的各大工程企业（包括HAHB、[68]埃尔福特的Topf and Sons（英语：Topf and Sons）、以及C.H. Kori GmbH等）为党卫队建造了灭绝设施，其建立与围捕行动直接相关。[69][70][71]
1941年11月10日，汉斯·法郎克将死刑范围扩大到“以任何方式”援助犹太人的波兰人，包括“带他们在家住一晚，或让他们搭任何类型的便车”，或者“喂养逃跑的犹太人，或卖给他们食物”。[174]该法律在所有主要城市以海报广而告之。德国人在东部前线上控制的其他地区也发布了类似的规定。[175]超过700多名波兰国际义人（英语：Polish Righteous among the Nations）的称号是追授的，因为他们早已因帮助或庇护他们的犹太邻居而被德国人杀害。[176]以色列犹太大屠杀纪念馆认可的波兰义人中有许多来自首都。古纳尔·保罗森在对华沙犹太人的研究中证明，尽管条件更为严峻，但华沙的波兰公民援助和隐藏犹太人的比例与据信“更安全”的西欧德占城市相当。[177]
在犹太人区隔都清场期临近结束时，大量犹太人设法逃到“雅利安”一方，[172]并在波兰救助者的帮助下生存。纳粹占领期间，大多数波兰人都在为自身的生存而绝望地斗争。他们无法阻止德国人消灭犹太人。1939年至1945年间，有近280万非犹太（英语：gentile）波兰人死于纳粹手中，15万人因苏联镇压而死亡；[183]死亡总数占波兰战前人口的五分之一。[184]他们的死因是故意的战争行为（英语：World War II casualties of Poland）的结果，[185]包括大规模屠杀、集中营监禁、强迫劳动、营养不良、疾病、绑架和驱逐。[186]然而，有许多波兰人冒着死亡的风险隐藏整个犹太家庭，或以慈悲为由帮助犹太人。[187]如果犹太人被德国人发现，救助他们的波兰人有时会被这些犹太人告发，招致总督府内一整个援助网的灭顶之灾。[188]沙尔斯基-扎伊德勒（Żarski-Zajdler）引用数据称，与非犹太波兰人一同藏匿的犹太人人数约为45万。[187]可能有100万名非犹太波兰人帮助过他们的犹太邻居。[189]历史学家理查德·卢卡斯[6]估计波兰援助者的数量高达300万；这一数目与其他作者所引用的估计相似。[190][191][192][193]
关于犹太人在大屠杀开始后真正的生存机会的问题持续引起历史学家的注意。[172]首先，德国人有意让逃离隔都变得非常困难，犹太人在驱逐到灭绝营之前几乎无法逃出隔都。驱逐行动被欺骗性地伪装成“在东方重新安置”。所有通行证都被取消，重建的墙壁减少了大门数量，警察由党卫队队员取代。一些已经被驱逐到特雷布林卡的受害者被迫向家中写信报平安。还有约3,000人进入了德国的“波兰人酒店（英语：Hotel Polski）”陷阱。许多隔都犹太人直到最后才相信正在发生的事情，因为事态实际的结果在当时似乎是不可想象的。[172]大卫·朗道（英语：David J. Landau）表示，弱势的犹太领导可能在屠杀中发挥了作用。[247]以色列·古特曼（英语：Israel Gutman）提出了类似观点，认为波兰地下国可能袭击营地并炸毁通往营地的铁轨。但正如保罗森所指出的，这样的想法是后见之明的产物。[172]
David Engel（英语：David Engel (historian)）, Poland(PDF), Liberation, Reconstruction, and Flight (1944–1947), The YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe, pp. 5–6 in current document, YIVO（英语：YIVO）, "The largest group of Polish-Jewish survivors spent the war years in the Soviet or Soviet-controlled territories.", 2005, ISBN 9780300119039, [see also:]Golczewski (2000), p. 330, （原始内容(PDF)存档于December 3, 2013）
Simone Gigliotti. Resettlement. The Train Journey: Transit, Captivity, and Witnessing in the Holocaust. Berghahn Books. 2009: 55 [2019-03-19]. ISBN 978-1-84545-927-7. （原始内容存档于2020-09-20）.
Levin, Nora. Annexed Territories. The Jews in the Soviet Union Since 1917: Paradox of Survival, Volume 1 (NYU Press). 1990: 347 [2019-03-19]. ISBN 978-0-8147-5051-3. （原始内容存档于2019-09-16）. Many Jews associated with the Bund, Zionist organizations, religious life, and 'bourgeois' occupations, were deported in April. The third deportation in June–July 1941 consisted mainly of refugees from western and central Poland who had fled to eastern Poland.[p.347]
Rotbein Flaum, Shirley. Lodz Ghetto Deportations and Statistics. Timeline. JewishGen Home Page. 2007 [26 March 2015]. （原始内容存档于2015-03-21）. Source: Encyclopedia of the Holocaust (1990), Baranowski, Dobroszycki, Wiesenthal, Yad Vashem Timeline of the Holocaust, others.
Rosenberg, Jennifer. The Łódź Ghetto. 2006 [2019-03-19]. （原始内容存档于2006-04-30）. Sources: Lodz Ghetto: Inside a Community Under Siege by Adelson, Alan and Robert Lapides (ed.), New York, 1989; The Documents of the Łódź Ghetto: An Inventory of the Nachman Zonabend Collection by Web, Marek (ed.), New York, 1988; The Holocaust: The Fate of European Jewry by Yahil, Leni, New York, 1991.
Louis Weber, Contributing Writers. 1939: The War Against the Jews. The Holocaust Chronicle: A History in Words and Pictures. Publications International. April 2000. （原始内容存档于March 20, 2012） –通过Internet Archive.
Peter Vogelsang, Brian Larsen, The Ghettos of Poland, The Danish Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies, 2002, （原始内容存档于March 6, 2016） –通过Internet Archive
Marek Edelman. The Ghetto Fights. The Warsaw Ghetto: The 45th Anniversary of the Uprising. Literature of the Holocaust, at the University of Pennsylvania. （原始内容存档于November 25, 2009）.
Meehan, Meredith M. Auxiliary Police Units in the Occupied Soviet Union, 1941–43(PDF). USNA. 2010: 1. （原始内容存档(PDF)于June 6, 2016）. Without the auxiliaries, the Nazis' murderous intentions toward the Jewish population on the Eastern Front would not have been nearly as deadly.
Tal Bruttmann, Mémorial de la Shoah. Report: Mass graves and killing sites in the Eastern part of Europe(PDF). Grenoble: Task Force for International Cooperation on Holocaust Education and Research (ITF). 2010 [2019-03-19]. （原始内容(PDF)存档于2016-08-11）. Mass graves resulting from deaths in the ghettos and various places of detention due to mistreatment, starvation ... concern the fate of several hundred thousand Jews. In the Warsaw ghetto alone, more than 100,000 Jews died and were buried in various places.
Thacker, Toby. Joseph Goebbels: Life and Death. Springer. 2016: 236, 258. ISBN 978-0230274228. （原始内容存档于July 5, 2018）. Hitler made the decision to proceed with the mass murder of 'all the Jews of Europe' in the autumn of 1941.
Black, Edwin. IBM and the Holocaust. The Strategic Alliance Between Nazi Germany and America's Most Powerful Corporation (Crown Books 2001; Three Rivers Press 2002). 2001. OCLC 49419235. See also: Wikipedia article.（英语：IBM and the Holocaust）. （原始内容存档于April 26, 2012）.
Antopal: Brest. The Antopol Ghetto. The ghetto liquidation 'Aktion'. International Jewish Cemetery Project, with links to resources. [November 26, 2017]. （原始内容存档于August 4, 2017）. Deportations to Bronna Gora lasted four days beginning October 15, 1942
Jochen Böhler, Robert Gerwarth. The Waffen-SS: A European History. Oxford University Press. 2017: 30 [2019-03-19]. ISBN 978-0198790556. （原始内容存档于2020-08-19）. Streibel assigned detachments of Trawniki-trained men（英语：Trawnikis） to guard and operate the killing centres [and] in support of deportation and shooting operations in the General Government.
Edward Crankshaw. Gestapo. A&C Black. 2011: 55–56 [2019-03-19]. ISBN 978-1448205493. （原始内容存档于2022-01-01）. As part of Amt IV of the R.S.H.A., the SS, SD, Kripo, and Orpo were responsible for `the rounding up, transportation, shooting, and gassing to death of at least three million Jews.´
Mirek Kusibab. HL-Heidelager: SS-TruppenÜbungsPlatz. History of the Range with photographs. Pustkow.Republika.pl. 2013. Historia poligonu Heidelager w Pustkowie. （原始内容存档于April 18, 2014） （波兰语）.
Terry Goldsworthy. Valhalla's Warriors. A History of the Waffen-SS on the Eastern Front 1941–1945 (Dog Ear Publishing). 2010: 144. ISBN 978-1-60844-639-1 –通过Google Book preview.
Michal Latosinski. Litzmannstadt Ghetto, Lodz. Traces of the Litzmannstadt Getto. A Guide to the Past: Introduction (Litzmannstadt Ghetto homepage). 2015 [12 April 2015]. ISBN 978-83-7415-000-2. （原始内容存档于December 23, 2017）.
Memorial and Museum. Auschwitz as a center for the extermination of the Jews. Jews in Auschwitz. Auschwitz-Birkenau Memorial and State Museum. 2015 [13 April 2015]. （原始内容存档于March 20, 2016）. Countries of origin, Selection in the camp, Treatment.
Auschwitz-Birkenau Museum (2008), SS-Hauptsturmführer Karl Fritsch "testing" the gas.互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期September 30, 2006，. (Internet Archive: The 64th Anniversary of the Opening of the Auschwitz Camp) Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum, Poland (Muzeum Auschwitz-Birkenau w Oświęcimiu).
Franciszek Piper（英语：Franciszek Piper）. Number of deportees by ethnicity. Ilu ludzi zginęło w KL Auschwitz. Liczba ofiar w świetle źródeł i badań, Oświęcim 1992, tables 14–27. Auschwitz-Birkenau Memorial and State Museum. 2015 [14 April 2015]. （原始内容存档于September 19, 2016）.
Aktion Reinhard(PDF). Yad Vashem. （原始内容存档(PDF)于March 11, 2017）. Shoah Resource Center, The International School for Holocaust Studies. "Aktion Reinhard" was named after Reinhard Heydrich, the main organizer of the "Final Solution"; see also, Treblinka death camp built in June/July 1942 some 80 kilometres (50 mi) northeast of Warsaw.
Musial, Bogdan（英语：Bogdan Musiał） (ed.), "Treblinka – ein Todeslager der Aktion Reinhard," in: "Aktion Reinhard" – Die Vernichtung der Juden im Generalgouvernement, Osnabrück 2004, pp. 257–281.
Alex Bay. The Reconstruction of Belzec, featuring 98 photos. Holocaust History.org. 2015. Belzec. The Nazi Camp for Jews in the Light of Archaeological Sources by Andrzej Kola, translated by Ewa and Mateusz Józefowicz, The Council for the Protection of Memory of Combat and Martyrdom, and the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Warsaw-Washington [2000]. （原始内容存档于August 14, 2014）. Belzec survivor Rudolf Reder（英语：Rudolf Reder）, author of postwar memoir about Belzec wrote that the camp's gas chambers were rebuilt of concrete. No traces of concrete were found in archaeological studies. Instead, the brick rubble was found in excavations.
Rudolf Reder（英语：Rudolf Reder）. Bełżec. 1999 reprint by Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum（英语：Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum） with Fundacja Judaica in bilingual format, featuring English translation by Margaret M. Rubel. Preface by Nella Rost (ed.) (Kraków: Centralna Żydowska Komisja Historyczna division of the Central Committee of Polish Jews（英语：Central Committee of Polish Jews）). 1946: 1–65 [28 May 2015]. OCLC 186784721. （原始内容存档于May 18, 2015） –通过WorldCat..
Lawrence, Geoffrey; et al (编). Session 62: February 19, 1946. The Trial of German Major War Criminals: Sitting at Nuremberg, Germany 7. London: HM Stationery Office. 1946: 111. ISBN 978-1-57588-677-0. （原始内容存档于May 16, 2013）.
Yad Vashem, An Interview With Prof. Yehuda Bauer(PDF), Shoah Resource Center, The International School for Holocaust Studies, pp. 28–30 of 58 in current document, 2000, （原始内容存档(PDF)于March 20, 2009）.
Patrick Henry. The Myth of Jewish Passivity. Jewish Resistance Against the Nazis. CUA Press. 2014: 22–23 [2019-03-19]. ISBN 978-0813225890. Prevalent misconception in most discussions about the Jewish resistance during World War II. （原始内容存档于2020-08-19）.
Isaiah Trunk（英语：Isaiah Trunk）, The Attitude of the Councils toward Physical Resistance, Judenrat: The Jewish Councils in Eastern Europe Under Nazi Occupation, U of Nebraska Press: 464–466, 472–474, 1972, ISBN 978-0803294288, （原始内容存档于January 3, 2014）, The highest degree of cooperation was achieved when chairmen, or other leading Council members themselves, actively participated in preparing and executing acts of resistance, particularly in the course of liquidations of ghettos. [Prominent examples include Warsaw,Częstochowa, Radomsko, Pajęczno, Sasów, Pińsk（英语：Pińsk Ghetto）, Mołczadź, Iwaniska, Wilno（英语：Wilno Ghetto）, Nieśwież, Zdzięcioł (see: Zdzięcioł Ghetto（英语：Zdzięcioł Ghetto）), Tuczyn (Równe), and Marcinkańce (Grodno) among others] 另见： Martin Gilbert（英语：Martin Gilbert）, The Holocaust: the Jewish tragedy, Collins: 828, 1986
United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Resistance during the Holocaust(PDF), The Miles Lerman Center for the Study of Jewish Resistance, p. 6 of 56 in current document, （原始内容存档(PDF)于August 29, 2017）.
Gunnar S. Paulsson（英语：Gunnar S. Paulsson）. The Rescue of Jews by Non-Jews in Nazi-Occupied Poland. Journal of Holocaust Education. Summer–Autumn 1998, 7 (1&2): 19–44. doi:10.1080/17504902.1998.11087056. Relevant excerpt about the 'chances of survival in hiding.'. Keeping in mind that these cases are drawn from published memoirs and from cases on file at Yad Vashem and the Jewish Historical Institute, it is probable that the 5,000 or so Poles who have been recognised as 'Righteous Among the Nations' so far represent only the tip of the iceberg, and that the true number of rescuers who meet the Yad Vashem 'gold standard' is 20, 50, perhaps even 100 times higher (p. 23, § 2; available with purchase).
This last statement is based on the fact that Polish Antisemitism, even during the war, was not murderous in nature and did not speak in terms of outright liquidation except on its outermost fringes. It expressed extreme messages and unequivocal conclusions–the imperative of mass Jewish emigration from Poland–but did not advocate pogroms or genocideWere These Ordinary Poles?
Daniel Blatman Archived copy. [2018-05-19]. （原始内容存档于May 20, 2018）.
Główny Urząd Statystyczny. Drugi Powszechny Spis Ludności, 9.XII.1931(PDF). Polish census of 1931（英语：Polish census of 1931）. Table 10, page 30 in current document (Warsaw). 1938. PDF file, direct download. （原始内容存档(PDF)于April 2, 2015） （波兰语）. Religion and Native Language (total). Section, Jewish: 3,113,933 with Yiddish: 2,489,034 and Hebrew: 243,539.
Zajączkowski, Wacław. Christian Martyrs of Charity(PDF). Washington, D.C.: S.M. Kolbe Foundation. June 1988. pp. 152–178 (1–14 of 25 in current document) [2019-03-19]. ISBN 978-0945281009. （原始内容(PDF)存档于2015-02-18）. German military police in Grzegorzówka（英语：Grzegorzówka）[p.153] and in Hadle Szklarskie（英语：Hadle Szklarskie）[p.154] (Przeworsk County) extracted from two Jewish women the names of Christian Poles helping Jews – 11 Polish men were murdered. In Korniaktów forest (Łańcut County)[p.167] a Jewish woman caught in a bunker revealed the whereabouts of the Catholic family who fed her – the whole Polish family were murdered. In Jeziorko, Łowicz County（英语：Jeziorko, Łowicz County）,[p.160] a Jewish man betrayed all Polish rescuers known to him – 13 Catholics were murdered by the German military police. In Lipowiec Duży（英语：Lipowiec, Biłgoraj County）(Biłgoraj County),[p.174] a captured Jew led the Germans to his saviors – 5 Catholics were murdered including a 6-year-old child and their farm was burned. There were other similar cases; on a train to Kraków[p.170] the Żegota（英语：Żegota） courier Irena who smuggled four Jewish women to safety was shot dead when one of them lost her nerve.
Hans G. Furth（英语：Hans G. Furth）One million Polish rescuers of hunted Jews?Journal of Genocide Research（英语：Journal of Genocide Research）, June 1999, Vol. 1 Issue 2, pp. 227–232; AN 6025705.
Piotr Chojnacki; Dorota Mazek (编). Polacy ratujący Żydów w latach II wojny światowej [Poles rescuing Jews during World War II]. Zeszyty IPN, Wybór Tekstów (Warsaw: Institute of National Remembrance). 2008: 7, 18, 23, 31. Kierownictwo Walki Cywilnej w "Biuletynie Informacyjnym" ostrzega "szmalcowników" i denuncjatorów przed konsekwencjami grożącymi im ze strony władz państwa podziemnego. [p.37 in PDF] Ot, widzi pan, sprawa jednej litery sprawia ogromną różnicę. Ratować i uratować! Ratowaliśmy kilkadziesiąt razy więcej ludzi, niż uratowaliśmy. – Władysław Bartoszewski（英语：Władysław Bartoszewski） [p.7]
Barkan, Elazar; Cole, Elizabeth A.; Struve, Kai. Shared History, Divided Memory: Jews and Others in Soviet-occupied Poland, 1939–1941. Leipziger Universitätsverlag. 2007: 136, 151 [2019-03-19]. ISBN 978-3865832405. （原始内容存档于2019-08-22）. In dozens of towns and settlements, attacks were carried out by "militias", "self-defence groups" and opaskowcy (called such for the red armbands they wore), which were made up primarily of Jews and Belarussians.[p.151]
Pogonowski, Iwo Cyprian. Jedwabne: The Politics of Apology and Contrition. Panel Jedwabne – A Scientific Analysis. Georgetown University, Washington DC: Polish Institute of Arts and Sciences in America. June 8, 2002 [2019-03-19]. （原始内容存档于2013-10-19）.
Chodakiewicz, Marek Jan（英语：Marek Jan Chodakiewicz）, The Dialectics of Pain互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期August 22, 2006，. Glaukopis, vol. 2/3 (2004–2005). See also: John S. Micgiel, "'Frenzy and Ferocity': The Stalinist Judicial System in Poland, 1944–1947, and the Search for Redress," The Carl Beck Papers in Russian & East European Studies [ Pittsburgh], no. 1101 (February 1994): 1–48. For concurring opinions see: Krzysztof Lesiakowski and Grzegorz Majchrzak interviewed by Barbara Polak, "O Aparacie Bezpieczeństwa," Biuletyn Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej, no. 6 (June 2002): 4–24; Barbara Polak, "O karach śmierci w latach 1944–1956," Biuletyn Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej, no. 11 (November 2002): 4–29.
Cantorovich, Irena. Honoring the Collaborators – The Ukrainian Case(PDF). Roni Stauber, Beryl Belsky. Kantor Program Papers. June 2012 [2019-03-19]. （原始内容(PDF)存档于2017-05-10）. When the Soviets occupied eastern Galicia, some 30,000 Ukrainian nationalists fled to the General Government. In 1940 the Germans began to set up military training units of Ukrainians, and in the spring of 1941 Ukrainian units were established by the Wehrmacht.See also: Marek Getter. Policja w Generalnym Gubernatorstwie 1939–1945. Przegląd Policyjny nr 1-2. Wydawnictwo Wyższej Szkoły Policji w Szczytnie: 1–22. 1996. WebCite cache. （原始内容存档于June 26, 2013）.
Gross, Jan Tomasz. Revolution from Abroad: The Soviet Conquest of Poland's Western Ukraine and Western Belorussia. Princeton University Press. 2002: 3. ISBN 978-0-691-09603-2.
Müller, Jan-Werner. Memory and Power in Post-War Europe: Studies in the Presence of the Past. Cambridge University Press. 2002: 47. ISBN 978-0-521-00070-3.
Dr. Frank Grelka. Ukrainischen Miliz. Die ukrainische Nationalbewegung unter deutscher Besatzungsherrschaft 1918 und 1941/42 (Viadrina European University: Otto Harrassowitz Verlag). 2005: 283–284 [2019-03-19]. ISBN 978-3-447-05259-7. （原始内容存档于2020-10-17）. RSHA von einer begrüßenswerten Aktivitat der ukrainischen Bevolkerung in den ersten Stunden nach dem Abzug der Sowjettruppen.For the German administrative divisions of Polish kresy with prominent Jewish communities destroyed under Nazi occupation, see: Bauer, Yehuda, The Death of the Shtetl, Yale University Press: 1–6, 65, 2009 [2019-03-19], ISBN 978-0300152098, （原始内容存档于2020-09-26）
Kuwałek, Robert; Riadczenko, Eugeniusz; Marczewski, Adam. Tarnopol. Virtual Shtetl. Translated by Katarzyna Czoków and Magdalena Wójcik: 3–4. 2015 [2019-03-19]. （原始内容存档于2017-01-31）.
Landau, David J.（英语：David J. Landau）, Caged — A story of Jewish Resistance, Pan Macmillan Australia, 2000, ISBN0-7329-1063-3. Quote: "The tragic end of the Ghetto [in Warsaw] could not have been changed, but the road to it might have been different under a stronger leader. There can be no doubt that if the Uprising of the Warsaw Ghetto had taken place in August—September 1942, when there were still 300,000 Jews, the Germans would have paid a much higher price."
Pinchuk, Ben Cion. Jewish refugees in Soviet Poland. Marrus, Michael Robert (编). The Nazi Holocaust. Part 8: Bystanders to the Holocaust, Volume 3. Walter de Gruyter. 1989: 1036–1038 [2019-03-19]. ISBN 978-3110968682. （原始内容存档于2020-08-19）. The range of differences in estimates might give us an idea of the problem's complexity. Thus, Avraham Pechenik estimated the number of refugees at 1,000,000.[p.1038]
Golczewski, Frank. Gregor, Neil , 编. Nazism. The impact of National Socialism (OUP Oxford). 2000: 329–330 [2019-03-19]. ISBN 978-0191512032. Prof. Czesław Madajczyk（英语：Czesław Madajczyk） ascribed 2,000,000 Polish-Jewish victims to extermination camps, and 700,000 others to ghettos, labour camps, and hands-on murder operations. His stated figure of 2,770,000 victims is regarded as low but realistic. Madajczyk estimated also 890,000 Polish-Jewish survivors of World War II; some 110,000 of them in the Displaced Person camps across the rest of Europe, and 500,000 in the USSR; bringing the number up to 610,000 Jews outside the country in 1945. （原始内容存档于2020-08-20）.Note: some other estimates, see for example: Engel (2005), are substantially different.
Phayer (2000), pp. 113, 117–120, 250. In January 1941 Jan Dobraczynski placed roughly 2,500 children in cooperating convents of Warsaw. Getter took many of them into her convent. During the Ghetto uprising the number of Jewish orphans in their care surged upward.[p.120]
Paul (2009), pp. 16, 63–71, 98, 185. Despite the fact that at least several hundred Sisters of the Family of Mary（英语：Franciscan Sisters of the Family of Mary） risked their lives to rescue Jews, only three of them, MotherMatylda Getter（英语：Matylda Getter） of Warsaw, Sister Helena Chmielewska of Podhajce, and Sister Celina Kędzierska of Sambor (see: Sambor Ghetto（英语：Sambor Ghetto）) have been decorated by Yad Vashem.[p. 84].
Slay, Ben. The Polish Economy: Crisis, Reform, and Transformation. Princeton University Press. 2014: 20–21 [2019-03-19]. ISBN 978-1400863730. （原始内容存档于2020-10-02）. The Second Republic was obliterated during the Second World War (1939–1945). As a consequence of seven years of brutal fighting and resistance to Nazi and Soviet military occupation, Poland's population was reduced by a third, from 34,849 at the end of 1938, to 23,930 in February 1946. Six million citizens...perished.[pp.19–20] (See Anti-communist resistance in Poland (1944–46)（英语：Anti-communist resistance in Poland (1944–46)） for supplementary data.)
Włodarczyk, Tamara. Osiedle żydowskie na Dolnym Śląsku w latach 1945–1950 (na przykładzie Kłodzka)(PDF). Bricha (2.10). 2010. pp. 36, 44–45 (23–24 in PDF). （原始内容存档(PDF)于April 13, 2016）. The decision originated from the military circles (and not the party leadership). The Berihah（英语：Berihah） organization under Cwi Necer was requested to keep the involvement of MSZ and MON a secret.(24 in PDF)The migration reached its zenith in 1946, resulting in 150,000 Jews leaving Poland.(21 in PDF)
Steinlauf, Michael C. Poland. 1996 [2019-03-19]. ISBN 9780801849695. In: David S. Wyman, Charles H. Rosenzveig. The World Reacts to the Holocaust. The Johns Hopkins University Press. （原始内容存档于2020-08-19）.
Albert Stankowski, with August Grabski and Grzegorz Berendt; Studia z historii Żydów w Polsce po 1945 roku, Warszawa, Żydowski Instytut Historyczny（英语：Żydowski Instytut Historyczny） 2000, pp. 107–111. ISBN83-85888-36-5
Kopówka, Edward. The Memorial. Treblinka. Nigdy wiecej, Siedlce 2002, pp. 5–54. Muzeum Walki i Męczeństwa w Treblince. Oddział Muzeum Regionalnego w Siedlcach [Museum of Struggle and Martyrdom at Treblinka. Division of the Regional Museum in Siedlce]. 4 February 2010 [2019-03-19]. （原始内容存档于2013-10-19）.
Hakohen, Devorah. Immigration from Poland. Immigrants in turmoil: mass immigration to Israel and its repercussions in the 1950s and After (Syracuse University Press, 325 pages). 2003. ISBN 978-0-8156-2969-6.
Kopówka, Edward; Rytel-Andrianik, Paweł. Treblinka II Death Camp. Monograph, chapt. 3 [Treblinka II – Obóz zagłady](PDF). Dam im imię na wieki [I will give them an everlasting name. Isaiah 56:5] (Drohiczyńskie Towarzystwo Naukowe [The DrohiczynScientific Society]). 2011 [2019-03-19]. ISBN 978-83-7257-496-1. With list of Catholic rescuers of Jews（英语：Polish Righteous among the Nations） imprisoned at Treblinka I, selected testimonies, bibliography, alphabetical indexes, photographs, English language summaries, and forewords by Holocaust scholars. （原始内容(PDF)存档于2014-10-10） –通过PDF direct download 20.2 MB （波兰语）.
Musiał, Bogdan（英语：Bogdan Musiał） (ed.), "Treblinka — ein Todeslager der Aktion Reinhard", in: Aktion Reinhard — Die Vernichtung der Juden im Generalgouvernement, Osnabrück 2004, pp. 257–281.
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