根瘤菌主要指与豆类作物根部共生形成根瘤并能固氮的细菌,一般指根瘤菌属慢生根瘤菌属;两属都属于根瘤菌目

Quick Facts 根瘤菌属, 科学分类 ...
根瘤菌属
琼脂平皿上的热带根瘤箘
科学分类 编辑
域: 细菌域 Bacteria
门: 假单胞菌门 Pseudomonadota
纲: α-变形菌纲 Alphaproteobacteria
目: 根瘤菌目 Rhizobiales
科: 根瘤菌科 Rhizobiaceae
属: 根瘤菌属 Rhizobium
Frank, 1889
模式种
Rhizobium leguminosarum
(Frank, 1879) Frank, 1889
Species [1]

See text.

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大豆的根瘤,每一个都含有数十亿根瘤菌(Bradyrhizobium)。

根瘤菌侵入寄主根内,刺激根部皮层和中柱鞘的某些细胞,引起这些细胞的强烈生长,使根的局部膨大形成根瘤;根瘤菌在根内定居,植物供给根瘤菌以矿物养料和能源,根瘤菌固定大气中游离氮气,为植物提供氮素养料,两者在拮抗寄生关系中处于均衡状态而表现共生现象。

根瘤菌细胞呈杆状,有鞭毛荚膜,鞭毛为正常的活动器官,无芽孢革兰氏染色阴性,属需氧型。在根瘤中生活的菌体形式多种多样,有梨形、棍棒型或T、X、Y等型,这种变形的菌体成为类菌体;类菌体在豆科植物体内不生长繁殖,却能与豆科植物共同固氮,对豆科植物有良好作用。

每种根瘤菌只能与一种或几种植物建立共生关系,如下表:

More information 根瘤菌种类, 对应共生植物 ...
根瘤菌种类 对应共生植物
苜蓿根瘤菌 苜蓿草木樨
三叶草根瘤菌 三叶草
豌豆根瘤菌 豌豆蚕豆
菜豆根瘤菌 菜豆
紫云英根瘤菌 紫云英
大豆根瘤菌 大豆
豇豆根瘤菌 豇豆花生绿豆赤豆柽麻扁豆刀豆
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此外,还有些微生物能同非豆类植物共同形成根瘤固氮,主要是一些放线菌(如:小头木麻黄、赤杨、杨梅)、蓝绿菌(如:苏铁、竹柏、满江红)。

下属物种

根瘤菌属 包括以下物种:

  • Rhizobium acaciae Hsouna et al. 2023[2]
  • Rhizobium acidisoli Román-Ponce et al. 2016
  • 埃及根瘤菌 Rhizobium aegyptiacum Shamseldin et al. 2017
  • Rhizobium aethiopicum Aserse et al. 2017
  • Rhizobium aggregatum (Hirsch and Müller 1986) Kaur et al. 2011
  • Rhizobium alamii Berge et al. 2009
  • Rhizobium alkalisoli Lu et al. 2009,为Neorhizobium alkalisoli (Lu et al. 2009) Mousavi et al. 2015的异名
  • Rhizobium altiplani Baraúna et al. 2016
  • Rhizobium alvei Sheu et al. 2015
  • 安徽根瘤菌 Rhizobium anhuiense Zhang et al. 2015
  • Rhizobium aquaticum Máthé et al. 2019
  • Rhizobium arenae Zhang et al. 2017
  • Rhizobium arsenicireducens Mohapatra et al. 2020
  • Rhizobium azibense Mnasri et al. 2014
  • Rhizobium azooxidifex Behrendt et al. 2016
  • Rhizobium bangladeshense Rashid et al. 2015
  • Rhizobium beringeri Young et al. 2023[3]
  • Rhizobium binae Rashid et al. 2015
  • Rhizobium borbori Zhang et al. 2011,为Allorhizobium borbori (Zhang et al. 2011) Mousavi et al. 2016的异名
  • Rhizobium brockwellii Young et al. 2023[4]
  • Rhizobium calliandrae Rincón-Rosales et al. 2013
  • Rhizobium capsici Lin et al. 2015
  • Rhizobium cauense Liu et al. 2015
  • Rhizobium cellulosilyticum García-Fraile et al. 2007
  • Rhizobium chutanense Huo et al. 2019
  • Rhizobium ciceri Nour et al. 1994,为Mesorhizobium ciceri (Nour et al. 1994) Jarvis et al. 1997的异名
  • Rhizobium croatiense Rajnovic et al. 2023[5]
  • 大田根瘤菌 Rhizobium daejeonense Quan et al. 2005[6]
  • Rhizobium dioscoreae Ouyabe et al. 2020
  • Rhizobium ecuadorense Ribeiro et al. 2015
  • Rhizobium endolithicum Parag et al. 2014
  • Rhizobium endophyticum López-López et al. 2011
  • Rhizobium esperanzae Cordeiro et al. 2017
  • Rhizobium etli Segovia et al. 1993
  • Rhizobium fabae Tian et al. 2008
  • Rhizobium favelukesii Torres Tejerizo et al. 2016
  • Rhizobium flavum Gu et al. 2014
  • Rhizobium fredii Scholla and Elkan 1984,为Ensifer fredii (Scholla and Elkan 1984) Young 2003的异名
  • Rhizobium freirei Dall'Agnol et al. 2013
  • Rhizobium galegae Lindström 1989,为Neorhizobium galegae (Lindström 1989) Mousavi et al. 2015的异名
  • Rhizobium gallicum Amarger et al. 1997
  • 格氏根瘤菌 Rhizobium gei Shi et al. 2016
  • Rhizobium giardinii Amarger et al. 1997
  • Rhizobium grahamii López-López et al. 2012
  • 海南根瘤菌 Rhizobium hainanense Chen et al. 1997
  • Rhizobium halophytocola Bibi et al. 2012
  • Rhizobium helianthi Wei et al. 2015
  • Rhizobium herbae Ren et al. 2011,为Pararhizobium herbae (Ren et al. 2011) Mousavi et al. 2016的异名
  • Rhizobium hidalgonense Yan et al. 2020
  • 华氏根瘤菌 Rhizobium huakuii Chen et al. 1991,为Mesorhizobium huakuii (Chen et al. 1991) Jarvis et al. 1997的异名
  • Rhizobium huautlense Wang et al. 1998,为Neorhizobium huautlense (Wang et al. 1998) Mousavi et al. 2015的异名
  • Rhizobium indigoferae Wei et al. 2002
  • Rhizobium ipomoeae Sheu et al. 2016
  • Rhizobium jaguaris Rincón-Rosales et al. 2013
  • 日本根瘤菌 Rhizobium japonicum (Kirchner 1896) Buchanan 1926,为Bradyrhizobium japonicum (Kirchner 1896) Jordan 1982的异名
  • Rhizobium johnstonii Young et al. 2023[7]
  • Rhizobium laguerreae Saïdi et al. 2014
  • Rhizobium larrymoorei (Bouzar and Jones 2001) Young 2004,为Agrobacterium larrymoorei Bouzar and Jones 2001的异名
  • 豌豆根瘤菌 Rhizobium leguminosarum (Frank 1879) Frank 1889
  • Rhizobium lemnae Kittiwongwattana and Thawai 2014
  • Rhizobium lentis Rashid et al. 2015
  • Rhizobium leucaenae Ribeiro et al. 2012
  • Rhizobium loessense Wei et al. 2003,为Rhizobium mongolense subsp. loessense (Wei et al. 2003) Hördt et al. 2020的异名
  • Rhizobium loti Jarvis et al. 1982,为Mesorhizobium loti (Jarvis et al. 1982) Jarvis et al. 1997的异名
  • Rhizobium lupini (Schroeter 1886) Eckhardt et al. 1931,基异名:Phytomyxa lupini Schroeter 1886
  • Rhizobium lusitanum Valverde et al. 2006
  • Rhizobium marinum Liu et al. 2015
  • Rhizobium mayense Rincón-Rosales et al. 2013
  • 地中海根瘤菌 Rhizobium mediterraneum Nour et al. 1995,为Mesorhizobium mediterraneum (Nour et al. 1995) Jarvis et al. 1997的异名
  • Rhizobium meliloti Dangeard 1926,为Ensifer meliloti (Dangeard 1926) Young 2003的异名
  • Rhizobium mesoamericanum López-López et al. 2012
  • Rhizobium mesosinicum Lin et al. 2009
  • Rhizobium metallidurans Grison et al. 2015
  • Rhizobium miluonense Gu et al. 2008
  • 内蒙根瘤菌 Rhizobium mongolense Van Berkum et al. 1998
  • Rhizobium multihospitium Han et al. 2008
  • Rhizobium naphthalenivorans Kaiya et al. 2018
  • Rhizobium nepotum Puławska et al. 2012,为Agrobacterium nepotum (Puławska et al. 2012) Mousavi et al. 2016的异名
  • Rhizobium oryzae Peng et al. 2008,为Allorhizobium oryzae (Peng et al. 2008) Mousavi et al. 2016的异名
  • 稻生根瘤菌 Rhizobium oryzicola Zhang et al. 2015
  • Rhizobium oryziradicis Zhao et al. 2017,为Allorhizobium oryziradicis (Zhao et al. 2017) Lin et al. 2020的异名
  • 巴基斯坦根瘤菌 Rhizobium pakistanense Khalid et al. 2015,也拼作:Rhizobium pakistanensis
  • Rhizobium paknamense Kittiwongwattana and Thawai 2013
  • Rhizobium paranaense Dall'Agnol et al. 2014
  • Rhizobium petrolearium Zhang et al. 2012
  • Rhizobium phaseoli Dangeard 1926
  • Rhizobium pisi Ramírez-Bahena et al. 2008
  • Rhizobium populi Rozahon et al. 2014
  • Rhizobium populisoli Shen et al. 2022[8]
  • Rhizobium pseudoryzae Zhang et al. 2011,为Allorhizobium pseudoryzae (Zhang et al. 2011) Mousavi et al. 2016的异名
  • Rhizobium puerariae Boonsnongcheep et al. 2016
  • Rhizobium pusense Panday et al. 2011,为Agrobacterium pusense (Panday et al. 2011) Mousavi et al. 2016的异名
  • Rhizobium radiobacter (Beijerinck and van Delden 1902) Young et al. 2001,为Agrobacterium radiobacter (Beijerinck and van Delden 1902) Conn, 1942 的异名
  • Rhizobium redzepovicii Rajnovic et al. 2023[9]
  • Rhizobium rhizogenes (Riker et al. 1930) Young et al. 2001
  • Rhizobium rhizophilum Gao et al. 2020
  • Rhizobium rhizoryzae Zhang et al. 2014
  • Rhizobium rhododendri Kuzmanović et al. 2023[10]
  • Rhizobium rosettiformans Kaur et al. 2011
  • Rhizobium rubi (Hildebrand 1940) Young et al. 2001,为Agrobacterium rubi (Hildebrand 1940) Starr and Weiss 1943的异名
  • Rhizobium ruizarguesonis Jorrin et al. 2020
  • Rhizobium selenitireducens Hunter et al. 2008,也拼作:Rhizobium selenireducens
  • Rhizobium setariae Kang and Seo 2023
  • Rhizobium skierniewicense Puławska et al. 2012
  • Rhizobium smilacinae Zhang et al. 2015
  • 土壤根瘤菌 Rhizobium soli Yoon et al. 2010
  • Rhizobium sophorae Jiao et al. 2015
  • Rhizobium sophoriradicis Jiao et al. 2015
  • Rhizobium sphaerophysae Xu et al. 2012
  • Rhizobium straminoryzae Lin et al. 2014
  • Rhizobium subbaraonis Ramana et al. 2013
  • Rhizobium sullae Squartini et al. 2002
  • 太白山根瘤菌 Rhizobium taibaishanense Yao et al. 2012,为Allorhizobium taibaishanense (Yao et al. 2012) Hördt et al. 2020的异名
  • Rhizobium tarimense Turdahon et al. 2013
  • 土生根瘤菌 Rhizobium terricola Dahal et al. 2023[11]
  • 天山根瘤菌 Rhizobium tianshanense Chen et al. 1995,为Mesorhizobium tianshanense (Chen et al. 1995) Jarvis et al. 1997的异名
  • 西藏根瘤菌 Rhizobium tibeticum Hou et al. 2009
  • Rhizobium trifolii Dangeard 1926,为Rhizobium leguminosarum (Frank 1879) Frank 1889的异名
  • Rhizobium tropici Martínez-Romero et al. 1991
  • Rhizobium tubonense Zhang et al. 2011
  • Rhizobium tumorigenes Kuzmanović et al. 2019
  • Rhizobium undicola (de Lajudie et al. 1998) Young et al. 2001,为Allorhizobium undicola de Lajudie et al. 1998的异名
  • Rhizobium vallis Wang et al. 2011
  • Rhizobium vignae Ren et al. 2011,为Neorhizobium vignae (Ren et al. 2011) Hördt et al. 2020的异名
  • Rhizobium viscosum (Gasdorf et al. 1965) Flores-Félix et al. 2017
  • Rhizobium vitis (Ophel and Kerr 1990) Young et al. 2001,为Allorhizobium vitis (Ophel and Kerr 1990) Mousavi et al. 2016的异名
  • 文新根瘤菌 Rhizobium wenxiniae Gao et al. 2017,以土壤微生物及细菌分类学家、中国科学院院士陈文新的名字命名
  • 梧州根瘤菌 Rhizobium wuzhouense Yuan et al. 2018[12]
  • 杨凌根瘤菌 Rhizobium yanglingense Tan et al. 2001
  • 盐亭根瘤菌 Rhizobium yantingense Chen et al. 2015
  • Rhizobium zeae Celador-Lera et al. 2017

参考资料

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