微囊菌属 （学名 ：Microcystis ）也称微囊菌属 ，是色球藻目 蓝菌 的一属 蓝藻，常见于淡水中，其中包含会造成有害藻华 的铜绿微囊菌 （Microcystis aeruginosa ），其毒素会导致肝脏 、胆囊 病变[ 1]
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锥形瓶 中培养的微囊菌
微囊菌的学名Microcystis 来自拉丁文的mikros （小）与kystis （囊状物）[ 2]
如命名所显示，微囊藻的特征是小型的细胞，且没有鞘的包覆[ 2] 囊泡 常会呈暗色，这是在光学显微镜 下用来鉴别微囊菌的特征之一。
迄今为止, 全球范围内报导了约50种。
微囊藻属包含以下数个物种[ 3]
铜绿微囊藻 Microcystis aeruginosa Kützing ex Lemmermann 1907，异名：Microcystis aeruginosa (Kützing 1833) Otsuka et al. 2001
Microcystis amethystina (Filarszky 1900) Forti 1907
银色微囊藻 Microcystis argentea Schiller 1954
Microcystis biformis (Braun 1879) Bourrelly 1970
放射微囊藻 Microcystis botrys Teiling, 1942[ 4] 喜石灰岩微囊藻 Microcystis calciphila Schwabe 1947
Microcystis chroococcoidea West and West 1911
Microcystis comperei Komárek 1984
Microcystis complanata Skuja 1964[ 5] Microcystis concharum (Hansgirg 1890) Silva 1996
Microcystis delicatissima (West and West 1912) Starmach 1966，基异名：Aphanocapsa delicatissima West and West 1912
Microcystis dimidiata (Kützing 1834) Silva 1996
Microcystis elabens (Brebisson 1843) Kützing 1846
Microcystis elachista (West and West 1894) Compère 1967[ 6] Microcystis elongata Desikachary 1959
Microcystis ferruginea Wawrik 1963，为Cyanogranis ferruginea (Wawrik 1963) Hindák 1982的异名
Microcystis floccosa Zalessky 1926
水华微囊藻 Microcystis flosaquae (Wittrock et al. 1879) Kirchner 1898
Microcystis halophila Martens and Pankow 1972[ 7] 鳞状微囊藻 Microcystis ichthyoblabe (Kunze 1823) Kützing 1843
不定微囊藻 Microcystis incerta (Lemmermann 1899) Lemmermann 1903
滨海微囊藻 Microcystis litoralis (Hansgirg 1892) Aboal 1988[ 8] Microcystis livida Meneghini 1842
边缘微囊藻 Microcystis marginata (Meneghini 1837) Kützing 1846，为Anacystis marginata Meneghini 1837的异名
Microcystis montigena Hoffmann, 1986[ 9] Microcystis novacekii (Komárek 1958) Compère, 1974
Microcystis ochracea (Brand 1898) Lemmermann, 1907
Microcystis ovalis Hollenberg 1939
Microcystis packardii (Farlow 1879) Tilden 1910
Microcystis panniformis Komárek et al. 2002
Microcystis protocystis Crow, 1923
Microcystis protogenita Rabenhorst, 1865
假丝状微囊藻 Microcystis pseudofilamentosa Crow 1923
Microcystis rosea Kufferath 1942
Microcystis roseopersicinus (Kützing 1845) West 1904
Microcystis salina (Woronichin 1929) Elenkin 1938
Microcystis salinarum (Hansgirg 1887) Silva 1996
Microcystis splendens Hollenberg 1939
史密斯微囊藻 Microcystis smithii Komárek and Anagnostidis 1995
Microcystis stagnalis (Lemmermann 1900) Lemmermann 1903
热微囊藻 Microcystis thermalis Yoneda 1938
绿色微囊藻 Microcystis viridis (Braun 1865) Lemmermann 1903
Microcystis wesenbergii (Komárek 1958) Komárek ex Komárek 2006
Microcystis zanardinii (Hauck 1877) Silva 1996
浙江省环境监测中心生态监测与评价研究所 晁爱敏 于海燕 魏铮，中国淡水微囊藻的一个新记录种
Skuja H. Grundzüge der Algenflora und Algenvegetation der Fjeldgegenden um Abisko in Schwedisch-Lappland. Nova Acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarum Upsaliensis Series 4 1964; 18:1-465.
Compère P. [Title pending]. Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belgique 1967; 37:141.
Martens B, Pankow H. Taxonomische Bemerkungen zu einigen Algen aus den Boddengewässern des Darss und des Zingst (südliche Ostsee). Internationale Revue der Gesamten Hydrobiologie 1972; 57:779-800.
Aboal M. Aportación al conocimiento de las algas epicontinentales del sudeste de España. III: Cianofíceas (Cyanophyceae Schaffner 1909). Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 1988; 45:22.
Hoffmann L. Cyanophycées aériennes et subaériennes du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg. Bull. Jard. Bot. Nat. Belg. 1986; 56:89.
