平原印第安人手语（英语：Plains Indian Sign Language，PISL；法语：Langue des Signes Indienne des Plaines；西班牙语：Lenguaje de Signos Indio de las Llanuras），又称平原手语、平原手势谈话[5]（Plains Sign Talk）或第一民族手语[1]（First Nation Sign Language），是平原印第安人所使用的一种手语，曾因贸易交流用途而成为北美洲大平原部落间的通用语[6]。除此之外，还用于平原部落内部讲述故事、演说、各种仪式期间，亦为聋哑人所日常使用[7]。如今仍然没有任何证据能证明这种手语和任何一种口头语言有联系，平原印第安人手语一般被视为一种皮钦语。
平原印第安人手语的历史起源并无书面记录，因此现代难以知晓。不过，当欧洲人到达新大陆时，就已经有关于此类平原民族通用手语的记载，这些民族分布于今日的墨西哥湾沿岸地区，包括得克萨斯州和墨西哥北部[8]。在文献记载中提及这种手语的探险家有西班牙人卡贝萨·德瓦卡（Cabeza de Vaca），于1527年；科罗纳多（Francisco Vásquez de Coronado），于1541年。
Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (编). Plains Indian Sign Language. Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. 2016.
McKay-Cody, Melanie Raylene, Plains Indian Sign Language: A comparative study of alternative and primary signers, Carroll, Cathryn (编), Deaf Studies V: Toward 2000--Unity and Diversity, Washington DC: Gallaudet University Press, 1998, ISBN 1893891097
Wurtzburg, Susan, and Campbell, Lyle. "North American Indian Sign Language: Evidence for its Existence before European Contact," International Journal of American Linguistics, Vol. 61, No. 2 (Apr., 1995), pp. 153-167.
Tomkins, William. Indian sign language. [Republication of "Universal Indian Sign Language of the Plains Indians of North America" 5th ed. 1931]. New York : Dover Publications 1969. (p. 7)
Davis, Jeffrey. 2006. "A historical linguistic account of sign language among North American Indian groups." In Multilingualism and Sign Languages: From the Great Plains to Australia; Sociolinguistics of the Deaf community, C. Lucas (ed.), Vol. 12, pp. 3–35. Washington, DC: Gallaudet University Press
Bergmann, Anouschka; Kathleen Currie Hall; Sharon Miriam Ross. "Language Files". USA. Ohio State University, 2007.
Bureau of American ethnology. "Annual report of the Bureau of American ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian institution". Washington, DC. Government printing office, 1881.
Cody, Iron Eyes. "Indian Talk". CA. Naturegraph Publishers, Inc, 1970.
Davis, Jeffrey E. "Hand Talk". USA. Cambridge University Press, 2010.
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