卢森尼亚人

卢森尼亚人（Rusyns），在乌克兰被称作喀尔巴阡-卢森尼亚人、喀尔巴阡-罗斯人。与鲁塞尼亚人经常混同，是东斯拉夫人的一支，在乌克兰视为乌克兰人的一个分支。以卢森尼亚语为母语。目前全球卢森尼亚人口约为500,000人。而斯洛伐克、乌克兰、罗马尼亚、波兰等地为卢森尼亚人口数较高的地区。斯洛伐克目前约有31,000卢森尼亚人，主要分布于东部及东北部。大部分卢森尼亚人信奉鲁塞尼亚希腊礼天主教会，在美国的许多卢森尼亚人则在19世纪因受拉丁礼天主教敌视而回归正教会。卢森尼亚（Rusynia）一词的词根与俄罗斯（Russia）一词的词根同出于罗斯（rus）一词，可见东斯拉夫民族间的历史渊源。

Руси́ни
卢森尼亚旗帜 卢森尼亚徽章（英语：Coat of arms of Carpathian Ruthenia）
总人口
623,500[1]
分布地区
斯洛伐克	33,482[2]
塞尔维亚	14,246[3]
乌克兰	10,183[4]
美国	8,934 [note 1][5]
克罗地亚	2,879[6]
匈牙利	2,342[7]
捷克	1,109[8]
波兰	638–10,531 [note 2][9]
罗马尼亚	200–4090 [note 3][10][11][12]
语言
卢森尼亚语 · 乌克兰语 · 斯洛伐克语 · 塞尔维亚语
宗教信仰
东仪天主教会（多数鲁塞尼亚礼天主教会）和正教会（少数俄罗斯正教会及塞尔维亚正教会）
相关族群
其他乌克兰族（博伊科人 胡楚尔人 · 兰科人）

注解

1. Respondents in the U.S. census identified as Carpatho Rusyn
2. According to the 2011 Polish census, 10,531 respondents identified as 兰科人, separately from Rusyns.
3. While an estimated 200 people identified themselves as "Rusyns" in 2011, in the 2002 Romanian census, 3,890 people identified as 胡楚尔人 (Romanian: Huțuli; Rusyn Hutsuly) – a minority whose members often identifiy or are regarded as a subgroup of the Rusyns. A further 61,091 Romanian citizens identified as Ukrainian (Romanian: Ucraineni). As the archaic 内名与外名 "鲁塞尼亚人" was applied indiscriminately to both Rusyns and Ukrainians, some Ukrainian-Romanians may also regard themselves as Rusyns in the sense of a subgroup of a broader Ukrainian identity.

注释

1. Rusyn at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2020)
2. Permanently resident population by nationality and by regions and districts (PDF). Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic. 2011 [2019-04-28]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2012-04-17） （斯洛伐克语）.
3. Становништво према националној припадности [Population by ethnicity]. Serbian Republic Institute of Statistics. [2019-04-28]. （原始内容存档于2017-11-22） （塞尔维亚语）.
4. Чисельність осіб окремих етнографічних груп украінського етносу та їх рідна мова [Number of persons individual ethnographic groups of the Ukrainian ethnicity and their native language]. ukrcensus.gov.ua. 2001 [4 March 2016]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-04） （乌克兰语）. Карта говорiв української мови （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, 10.10.2008; Энциклопедический словарь: В 86 томах с иллюстрациями и дополнительными материалами. Edited by Андреевский, И.Е. − Арсеньев, К.К. − Петрушевский, Ф.Ф. − Шевяков, В.Т., s.v. Русины. Online version. Вологда, Russia: Вологодская областная универсальная научная библиотека, 2001 (1890−1907) （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, 10.10.2008; Ethnologue: Languages of the World. Edited by Gordon, Raymond G., Jr., s.v. Rusyn. Fifteenth edition. Online version. Dallas, Texas, U.S.A.: SIL International, 2008 (2005) （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, 10.10.2008; Eurominority: Peoples in search of freedom. Edited by Bodlore-Penlaez, Mikael, s.v. Ruthenians. Quimper, France: Organization for the European Minorities, 1999–2008, 10.10.2008.
5. Total ancestry categories tallied for people with one or more ancestry categories reported, 2010 American Community Survey, 1-Year Estimates. 美国普查局. [November 30, 2012]. （原始内容存档于2020-02-12）.
6. STANOVNIŠTVO PREMA NARODNOSTI, PO GRADOVIMA/OPĆINAMA, POPIS 2001 [Population by ethnicity in cities and municipalities, 2001 Census]. State Institute for Statistics of the 克罗地亚. [2019-04-28]. （原始内容存档于2019-05-19） （克罗地亚语）.
7. Vukovich, Gabriella. Mikrocenzus 2016 - 12. Nemzetiségi adatok [2016 microcensus - 12. Ethnic data] (PDF). Hungarian Central Statistical Office (Budapest). 2018 [9 January 2019]. ISBN 978-963-235-542-9. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2019-08-08） （匈牙利语）.
8. Rusínská národnostní menšina. [18 March 2015]. （原始内容存档于2017-07-10）.
9. Ludność. Stan i struktura demograficzno społeczna [State and structure of the social demographics of the population] (PDF). Central Statistical Office of Poland: 91. 2013 [14 April 2013]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2017-11-18） （波兰语）.
10. Moser, Michael. "Rusyn". Tomasz Kamusella, Motoki Nomachi & Catherine Gibson (编). The Palgrave Handbook of Slavic Languages, Identities and Borders. Basingstoke UK: Palgrave Macmillan. 2016: 132 （英语）.
11. Populaţia după etnie (PDF). Institutul Naţional de Statistică. [2011-10-28]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2015-09-24） （罗马尼亚语）.
12. Date naţionale. Erdélyi Magyar Adatbank. [2011-10-28]. （原始内容存档于2011-09-29） （罗马尼亚语）.

参考文献

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• Rychlík, Jan; Rychlíková, Magdaléna. Podkarpatská Rus v dějinách Československa 1918–1946. Praha: Vyšehrad. 2016 [2019-04-28]. （原始内容存档于2019-05-15）.
• Véghseő, Tamás. Reflections on the Background to the Union of Uzhhorod / Ungvár (1646) (PDF). Eastern Theological Journal. 2015, 1 (1): 147–181 [2019-04-28]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-02-24）.

延伸阅读

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参见

• 卢森尼亚语

外部链接

• The Carpathian Connection （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
• The Carpatho-Rusyn Society（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
• Carpatho Rusyn Knowledge Base（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
• American Carpatho-Russian Diocese（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）