先行词

先行词（上行语，英语：antecedent）是指能赋予其他代词具体意义的字词、短语、从句<子句>。^[1] 代词可从其先行词得出它的具体意义，例如英语句子："Susan arrived late because traffic held her up."(苏珊来迟了，因为交通状况延迟了她的行程)。代词"her"（她）表明为"Susan"（苏珊）且其含义也来自"苏珊"，所以苏珊是"her"（她）的"先行词"。代词通常跟随在他们的先行词的后面，但有时它们在先行词前面。

注释

1. Definitions of "antecedent" along these lines can be found, for instance, in Crystal (1999:20) and Radford (2004:322)

参考文献

• Carnie, A. 2013. Syntax: A generative introduction. 3rd edition. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.
• Crystal, D. 1997. A dictionary of linguistics and phonetics. 4th edition. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Publishers.
• Radford, A. 2004. English syntax: An introduction. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
• Tesnière, L. 1969. Éléments de syntaxe structurale, 2nd edition. Klincksieck, Paris.

参见

• 代词语式(Proform)
• 关系子句
• 句法范畴(Syntactic category)
• 下指语(Cataphora/cataphor)
• 后行词（英语：Antecedent_(grammar)#Postcedents）(postcedent)