侧鳃科 - Wikiwand

侧鳃科（学名：Pleurobranchidae），亦作侧鳃海牛科，是分类学上海蛞蝓的一个科、海洋腹足纲软体动物侧鳃类支序的成员。过往是背楯目之下的一个科^[3]，现时是裸侧类支序的成员。

事实速览 侧鳃科, 科学分类 ...

侧鳃科

Pleurobranchus forskalii
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	软体动物门 Mollusca
纲：	腹足纲 Gastropoda
目：	侧鳃目 Pleurobranchida
总科：	侧鳃总科 Pleurobranchoidea
科：	侧鳃科 Pleurobranchidae Gray, 1827 ^[1]
模式属
Pleurobranchus Cuvier, 1804
亚科
Pleurobranchinae Gray, 1827 Tribe Pleurobranchini Gray, 1827 Tribe Bathyberthellini Garcia, Troncoso, Cervera & Garcia-Gomez, 1996 Tribe Berthellini Burn, 1962 Pleurobranchaeinae Pilsbry, 1896
异名^[2]
Bathyberthellini Garcia, Troncoso, Cervera & Garcia-Gomez, 1996 Berthellinae Burn, 1962 Pleurobranchinae Gray, 1827

关闭

侧鳃科的物种有一个突出的外套膜，其内壳在成年后会退化或完全消失。^[4]已经观察到一些成年物种以海鞘类为食。侧鳃科物种的幼虫可以是浮游性的（以浮游生物为食）、营养性的（从卵黄中获取营养）或直接发育的。

许多物种从其丰富的腺体外套膜中分泌出分泌物，作为对天敌的化学防御。^[5]甚至有报道说能产生硫酸。^[6]

分类

直到2005年，这个科都被置于背楯亚目中。然而，在“Bouchet和Rocroi 对腹足目的分类”（2005年）中，侧鳃科被置于侧鳃总科中，是侧鳃类（与裸鳃类是姐妹类）的惟一一科，是裸侧类的一部分。

以下为本科之下的属和物种^[3]^[7]：

Berthellina
- Berthellina citrina (Ruppell et Leuckart, 1828)
Pleurobranchus
- Pleurobranchus forskalii (Ruppell et Leuckart, 1828)
- 明月侧鳃 Euselenops luniceps (Cuvier, 1817)^[8]

Pleurobranchinae亚科

Bathyberthella
- Bathyberthella antarctica Willan and Bertsch, 1987 ^[9]
侧鳃海蛞蝓属 Berthella de Blainville, 1824
- Berthella africana Pruvot-Fol, 1953 ^[10]
- Berthella agassizi MacFarland, 1909
- Berthella americana A. E. Verrill, 1885
- Berthella aurantiaca Risso, 1818
- Berthella caledonica Dall, 1900
- Berthella californica Dall, 1900 California sidegill slug
- Berthella canariensis Cervera, J.L., T.M. Gosliner, J.C. García-Gómez & J. Ortea, 2000
- Berthella elongata Cantraine, 1835
- 马丁侧鳃海蛞蝓 Berthella martensi Pilsbry, 1896
- Berthella medietas R. Burn, 1962
- Berthella ocellata delle Chiaje, 1830
- Berthella ornata T.F. Cheeseman, 1878
- Berthella patagonica d'Orbigny, 1837
- Berthella platei Bergh, 1898 ^[11]
- Berthella plumula Montagu, 1803
- Berthella sideralis Lovén, 1846
- Berthella stellata Risso, 1826
- Berthella strongi MacFarland, 1966
- Berthella tamiu Ev. Marcus, 1984 ^[12]
- Berthella tupala Er. Marcus, 1957
Berthellina Gardiner, 1936
- Berthellina amarillus Mattox, 1953
- Berthellina americanus Verrill, 1885
- Berthellina circularis Mörch, 1863
- Berthellina citrina Rüppell & Leuckart, 1828 (synonym of Gymnotoplax citrina Er. Marcus, 1957 )
- Berthellina delicata W.H. Pease, 1861
- Berthellina edwardsi Vayssière, 1897
- Berthellina engeli Gardiner, 1936
- Berthellina granulata (Krauss, 1848)
- Berthellina ilisima Marcus, Er. & Ev. Marcus, 1967
- Berthellina quadridens Mörch, 1863 (junior synonym of Gymnotoplax quadridens)^[13]
Boreoberthella Martynov & Schrödl, 2009
Bouvieria Vayssière, 1896 : synonym of Berthella Blainville, 1824
- Bouvieria auriantiaca Risso, 1813
- Bouvieria ocellata S. delle Chiaje, 1828
- Bouvieria perforata Philippi, 1844
Gigantonotum: synonym of Berthella Blainville, 1824
- Gigantonotum album Lin, G. & S. Tchang, 1965
Gymnotoplax Pilsbry, 1896 : synonym of Berthella Blainville, 1824
- Gymnotoplax citrina Er. Marcus, 1957
- Gymnotoplax engeli Gardiner, 1936
- Gymnotoplax quadridens
Oscanius Leach, 1847 : synonym of Pleurobranchus Cuvier, 1804
- Oscanius tuberculatus Meckel, 1808
Parabathyberthella: synonym of Bathyberthella Willan, 1983
- Parabathyberthella eltanini Dell, 1990
- Parabathyberthella orcadensis Talavera, F.G., J.C. García-Gómez, J.S. Troncoso & J.L. Cervera, 1994
Pleurehdera Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus, 1970
- Pleurehdera haraldi Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus, 1970
Pleurobranchus Cuvier, 1805
Polictenidia: synonym of Bathyberthella Willan, 1983
- Polictenidia tomasi Talavera, F.G., J.S. Troncoso, J.L. Cervera & J.C. García-Gómez, 1996
Susania: synonym of Pleurobranchus Cuvier, 1804
- Susania testudinaria Cantraine, F.J., 1840 (synonym of Pleurobranchus testudinarius)
Tomthompsonia
- Tomthompsonia antarctica Thiele, 1912

无壳侧鳃亚科

无壳侧鳃亚科（Pleurobranchaeinae）现时被提升为无壳侧鳃科（Pleurobranchaeidae Pilsbry, 1896）。

参考资料

[1]
Encyclopaedia metropolitana, Volume 7, Plates to Zoology; plate Mollusca III (plate 4)
[2]
Bouchet, P. (2011). Pleurobranchidae. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species on 2011-06-30
[3]
Notaspidea 背楯目. TaiBIF. [2018-03-20]. （原始内容存档于2019-03-13）（中文（繁体））.
[4]
R. Willan. Phylogenetic systematics of the Notaspidea (Opisthobranchia) with a reappraisal of families and genera. Am. Malacol. Bull. 1987, 5: 215–241.
[5]
Aldo Spinella; Ernesto Mollo; Enrico Trivellone; Guido Cimino. Testudinariol A and B, two unusual triterpenoids from the skin and the mucus of the marine mollusc Pleurobranchus testudinarius. Tetrahedron. December 1997, 53 (49): 16891–16896 [2018-03-19]. doi:10.1016/S0040-4020(97)10124-7. （原始内容存档于2019-03-13）.
[6]
T. Thompson. Acidic allomones in marine organisms. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK. 1988, 68 (3): 499–517. doi:10.1017/S0025315400043368.
[7]
?. WoRMS. [2018-03-20].
[8]
Cuvier G. (1817). Le Règne Animal. volume 2 (Gasteropodes): page 396; volume 4 (Plates): plate 11, figure 2.
[9]
Francisco José García; José Carlos García-Gómez; Jesús S. Troncoso; Juan Lucas Cervera. A descriptive study of some Antarctic notaspidean opisthobranchs (Gastropoda), with description of a new genus and species. Polar Biology. May 1994, 14 (4): 261–268. doi:10.1007/bf00239174.^{[永久失效链接]}
[10]
Cervera et al. (2000). A new species of Berthella Blainville, 1824 (Opisthobranchia: Notaspidea) from the Canary Islands (Eastern Atlantic Ocean), with a re-examination of the phylogenetic relationships of the Notaspidea. J.Moll. Stud., 66: 3001-311.
[11]
Michael Schrödl. The genus Berthella Blainville, 1825 (Notaspidea, : Pleurobranchidae) from Magellanic waters. Journal of Molluscan Studies. 1999, 65 (4): 399–409 [2018-03-19]. doi:10.1093/mollus/65.4.399. （原始内容存档于2006-10-03）.
[12]
Marcus, Ev. 1984. The Western Atlantic warm water Notaspidea (Gastropoda, Opisthobranchia), Parte 2 Boletim de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo 8 p. 43-76.
[13]
Mörch, 1863. Contributions à la faune malacologique des Antilles danoises Journal de Conchyliologie 11 21-43.

外部链接

维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源：侧鳃科

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侧鳃科

Pleurobranchus forskalii
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	软体动物门 Mollusca
纲：	腹足纲 Gastropoda
目：	侧鳃目 Pleurobranchida
总科：	侧鳃总科 Pleurobranchoidea
科：	侧鳃科 Pleurobranchidae Gray, 1827 ^[1]
模式属
Pleurobranchus Cuvier, 1804
亚科
Pleurobranchinae Gray, 1827 Tribe Pleurobranchini Gray, 1827 Tribe Bathyberthellini Garcia, Troncoso, Cervera & Garcia-Gomez, 1996 Tribe Berthellini Burn, 1962 Pleurobranchaeinae Pilsbry, 1896
异名^[2]
Bathyberthellini Garcia, Troncoso, Cervera & Garcia-Gomez, 1996 Berthellinae Burn, 1962 Pleurobranchinae Gray, 1827

侧鳃科

Pleurobranchus forskalii

科学分类

界：

动物界 Animalia

门：

软体动物门 Mollusca

纲：

腹足纲 Gastropoda

目：

侧鳃目 Pleurobranchida

总科：

侧鳃总科 Pleurobranchoidea

科：

侧鳃科 Pleurobranchidae
Gray, 1827 ^[1]

模式属

Pleurobranchus

Cuvier, 1804

亚科

Pleurobranchinae Gray, 1827
- Tribe Pleurobranchini Gray, 1827
- Tribe Bathyberthellini Garcia, Troncoso, Cervera & Garcia-Gomez, 1996
- Tribe Berthellini Burn, 1962
Pleurobranchaeinae Pilsbry, 1896

异名^[2]

Bathyberthellini Garcia, Troncoso, Cervera & Garcia-Gomez, 1996
Berthellinae Burn, 1962
Pleurobranchinae Gray, 1827

分类

以下为本科之下的属和物种^[3]^[7]：

Berthellina
- Berthellina citrina (Ruppell et Leuckart, 1828)
Pleurobranchus
- Pleurobranchus forskalii (Ruppell et Leuckart, 1828)
- 明月侧鳃 Euselenops luniceps (Cuvier, 1817)^[8]

Pleurobranchinae亚科

Bathyberthella
- Bathyberthella antarctica Willan and Bertsch, 1987 ^[9]
侧鳃海蛞蝓属 Berthella de Blainville, 1824
- Berthella africana Pruvot-Fol, 1953 ^[10]
- Berthella agassizi MacFarland, 1909
- Berthella americana A. E. Verrill, 1885
- Berthella aurantiaca Risso, 1818
- Berthella caledonica Dall, 1900
- Berthella californica Dall, 1900 California sidegill slug
- Berthella canariensis Cervera, J.L., T.M. Gosliner, J.C. García-Gómez & J. Ortea, 2000
- Berthella elongata Cantraine, 1835
- 马丁侧鳃海蛞蝓 Berthella martensi Pilsbry, 1896
- Berthella medietas R. Burn, 1962
- Berthella ocellata delle Chiaje, 1830
- Berthella ornata T.F. Cheeseman, 1878
- Berthella patagonica d'Orbigny, 1837
- Berthella platei Bergh, 1898 ^[11]
- Berthella plumula Montagu, 1803
- Berthella sideralis Lovén, 1846
- Berthella stellata Risso, 1826
- Berthella strongi MacFarland, 1966
- Berthella tamiu Ev. Marcus, 1984 ^[12]
- Berthella tupala Er. Marcus, 1957
Berthellina Gardiner, 1936
- Berthellina amarillus Mattox, 1953
- Berthellina americanus Verrill, 1885
- Berthellina circularis Mörch, 1863
- Berthellina citrina Rüppell & Leuckart, 1828 (synonym of Gymnotoplax citrina Er. Marcus, 1957 )
- Berthellina delicata W.H. Pease, 1861
- Berthellina edwardsi Vayssière, 1897
- Berthellina engeli Gardiner, 1936
- Berthellina granulata (Krauss, 1848)
- Berthellina ilisima Marcus, Er. & Ev. Marcus, 1967
- Berthellina quadridens Mörch, 1863 (junior synonym of Gymnotoplax quadridens)^[13]
Boreoberthella Martynov & Schrödl, 2009
Bouvieria Vayssière, 1896 : synonym of Berthella Blainville, 1824
- Bouvieria auriantiaca Risso, 1813
- Bouvieria ocellata S. delle Chiaje, 1828
- Bouvieria perforata Philippi, 1844
Gigantonotum: synonym of Berthella Blainville, 1824
- Gigantonotum album Lin, G. & S. Tchang, 1965
Gymnotoplax Pilsbry, 1896 : synonym of Berthella Blainville, 1824
- Gymnotoplax citrina Er. Marcus, 1957
- Gymnotoplax engeli Gardiner, 1936
- Gymnotoplax quadridens
Oscanius Leach, 1847 : synonym of Pleurobranchus Cuvier, 1804
- Oscanius tuberculatus Meckel, 1808
Parabathyberthella: synonym of Bathyberthella Willan, 1983
- Parabathyberthella eltanini Dell, 1990
- Parabathyberthella orcadensis Talavera, F.G., J.C. García-Gómez, J.S. Troncoso & J.L. Cervera, 1994
Pleurehdera Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus, 1970
- Pleurehdera haraldi Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus, 1970
Pleurobranchus Cuvier, 1805
Polictenidia: synonym of Bathyberthella Willan, 1983
- Polictenidia tomasi Talavera, F.G., J.S. Troncoso, J.L. Cervera & J.C. García-Gómez, 1996
Susania: synonym of Pleurobranchus Cuvier, 1804
- Susania testudinaria Cantraine, F.J., 1840 (synonym of Pleurobranchus testudinarius)
Tomthompsonia
- Tomthompsonia antarctica Thiele, 1912

参考资料

[1]
Encyclopaedia metropolitana, Volume 7, Plates to Zoology; plate Mollusca III (plate 4)
[2]
Bouchet, P. (2011). Pleurobranchidae. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species on 2011-06-30
[3]
Notaspidea 背楯目. TaiBIF. [2018-03-20]. （原始内容存档于2019-03-13）（中文（繁体））.
[4]
R. Willan. Phylogenetic systematics of the Notaspidea (Opisthobranchia) with a reappraisal of families and genera. Am. Malacol. Bull. 1987, 5: 215–241.
[5]
Aldo Spinella; Ernesto Mollo; Enrico Trivellone; Guido Cimino. Testudinariol A and B, two unusual triterpenoids from the skin and the mucus of the marine mollusc Pleurobranchus testudinarius. Tetrahedron. December 1997, 53 (49): 16891–16896 [2018-03-19]. doi:10.1016/S0040-4020(97)10124-7. （原始内容存档于2019-03-13）.
[6]
T. Thompson. Acidic allomones in marine organisms. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK. 1988, 68 (3): 499–517. doi:10.1017/S0025315400043368.
[7]
?. WoRMS. [2018-03-20].
[8]
Cuvier G. (1817). Le Règne Animal. volume 2 (Gasteropodes): page 396; volume 4 (Plates): plate 11, figure 2.
[9]
Francisco José García; José Carlos García-Gómez; Jesús S. Troncoso; Juan Lucas Cervera. A descriptive study of some Antarctic notaspidean opisthobranchs (Gastropoda), with description of a new genus and species. Polar Biology. May 1994, 14 (4): 261–268. doi:10.1007/bf00239174.^{[永久失效链接]}
[10]
Cervera et al. (2000). A new species of Berthella Blainville, 1824 (Opisthobranchia: Notaspidea) from the Canary Islands (Eastern Atlantic Ocean), with a re-examination of the phylogenetic relationships of the Notaspidea. J.Moll. Stud., 66: 3001-311.
[11]
Michael Schrödl. The genus Berthella Blainville, 1825 (Notaspidea, : Pleurobranchidae) from Magellanic waters. Journal of Molluscan Studies. 1999, 65 (4): 399–409 [2018-03-19]. doi:10.1093/mollus/65.4.399. （原始内容存档于2006-10-03）.
[12]
Marcus, Ev. 1984. The Western Atlantic warm water Notaspidea (Gastropoda, Opisthobranchia), Parte 2 Boletim de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo 8 p. 43-76.
[13]
Mörch, 1863. Contributions à la faune malacologique des Antilles danoises Journal de Conchyliologie 11 21-43.

外部链接