31°46′53″N 35°12′04″E
以色列银行(希伯来语:בנק ישראל)成立于1954年12月1日,系以色列国之中央银行。总部设在耶路撒冷,而在特拉维夫亦设有一座分行[1]。现任行长为卡尔尼特·弗拉格, 她亦是以色列银行历史上首位女性行长。[3]
以色列国于1948年宣布建国,但由于国家形势仍不稳定,以色列财政部建立中央银行的法案被暂时搁置。而到了1948年8月,由于国家迫切需要发行货币以供市场流通,因此临时签发了《5708-1948银行纸币条例》(1948年8月17日生效),授权盎格鲁-巴勒斯坦银行成立货币发行部以发行国家货币[7]。而货币政策、金融机构监管等事务仍由以色列财政部处理[8]。
1951年3月,以色列财政部成立了专门委员会以筹备成立国家银行。翌年1952年9月,委员会提交了《国家银行成立事项报告》。两年后于1954年8月24日,以色列国会通过了《以色列银行法案》。同年12月1日,以色列银行正式成立,同时接管了原盎格鲁-巴勒斯坦银行的货币发行部及以色列财政部的银行监管部,货币发行及金融监管职权被转移到新成立的以色列银行[2]。
而在1978年后,以色列财政部的外汇管制职权也被转移到以色列银行[9]。
在2010年3月,以色列国会批准了新的《以色列银行法案》,而新银行法案于同年6月1日起生效[10]。
以色列银行之主要职能为[13]:
- 运作货币政策;
- 持有及管理国家的外汇储备;
- 维持金融市场的稳定,令其有序运作;
- 管控支付清算系统;
- 发行货币,并规管货币系统;
- 监督及规管银行体系;
- 担任政府的经济顾问;
- 收集,管理及发布以色列的经济信息与数据;
- 代表以色列国参与国际金融组织;
以色列银行之主事为行长,其下设机构有[14]:
| | | 货币委员会[注 1] (英语:Monetary Committee) | | | | 监事会[注 2] (英语:Supervisory Council) | |
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| | | | | | 行长[注 3] (现任:卡尔尼特·弗拉格) | | | | | |
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总干事 | | 副行长 | | | | | | | 法务部 (英语:Legal Department) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 内部审计室 (英语:Internal Audit) | | |
信息技术部 (英语:Information Technology Department) | | 信息统计部 (英语:Information and Statistics Department) | | 银行监管部 (英语:Banking Supervision Department) | | 发言人办公室 (英语:Spokesperson's Office) | |
人力资源及行政部 (英语:Human Resources and Admin. Dept.) | | | | | | 研究部 (英语:Research Department) | | | | | | |
会计,支付及结算系统部 (英语:Accounting, Payment and Settlement Systems Dept.) | | | | | | 信息与国际关系部 (英语:Information and International Relations Department) | | | | | | |
货币部 (英语:Currency Dept.) | | | | | | 市场运营部 (英语:Market Operations Department) | | | | | | | | |
注:
Contact The Bank of Israel. 以色列银行官网. [2014-11-18]. (原始内容存档于2014-10-28) (英语). Address: Bank of Israel Street (Corner of Kaplan St.) in the Government complex,Jerusalem.
History of the Bank of Israel. 以色列银行官网. [2014-11-18]. (原始内容存档于2014-12-19) (英语). The Bank of Israel Law, 5714-1954 was passed by the Knesset on August 24th, 1954, and became effective on December 1 of the same year. On that date the Bank of Israel was officially established. The Law replaced the Bank Notes Ordinance of 1948 and other legislation introduced by the Provisional Council of State, which had hitherto regulated the subjects which became the responsibility of the central bank.
Karnit Flug被提名以色列央行行长. 华尔街见闻. 凤凰网. 2013-10-21 [2014-11-18]. (原始内容存档于2014-11-29) (中文(简体)). 据华尔街见闻报道,当地时间周日,以色列总理Benjamin Netanyahu和财政部长Yair Lapid表示,正式提名现任副行长卡尔尼特·弗拉格(Karnit Flug)出任下一届以色列央行行长。
History of the Bank of Israel. 以色列银行官网. [2014-11-18]. (原始内容存档于2014-12-19) (英语). The history of the Bank of Israel is interwoven with the history of the state. The question of creating a central bank, or as it was called, the State Bank, was discussed in the Ministry of Finance in 1948, immediately after the establishment of the State of Israel. The matter was shelved due to the pressure of events, but an immediate solution was required to the problem of issuing a currency for the young State. Thus the Bank Notes Ordinance, 5708-1948 was introduced, becoming effective on August 17, 1948.
History of the Bank of Israel. 以色列银行官网. [2014-11-18]. (原始内容存档于2014-12-19) (英语). The other functions for which a central bank is usually responsible -- monetary policy, banking supervision, etc. -- were at that time the responsibility of the Ministry of Finance.
Historical Events of the Bank of Israel. 以色列银行官网. [2014-11-18]. (原始内容存档于2014-12-19) (英语). The other functions for which a central bank is usually responsible -- monetary policy, banking supervision, etc. -- were at that time the responsibility of the Ministry of Finance.
The Bank of Israel Law. 以色列银行官网. [2014-11-18]. (原始内容存档于2014-12-19) (英语). In March 2010 the Knesset passed a new Bank of Israel Law, which became effective on June 1, 2010.
The Objectives of The Bank of Israel. 以色列银行官网. [2014-11-18]. (原始内容存档于2014-12-19) (英语). The main objectives of the Bank are listed and prioritized in the Law: To maintain price stability;to support other objectives of the Government's economic policy, especially growth, employment, and reducing social gaps; and supporting the stability of the financial system.