XCH-62

Boeing Vertol XCH-62
Boeing Vertol XCH-62
概观
类型	重型运输直升机
代号	XCH-62
乘员	5人(正副驾驶、飞行工程师、负载控制员和机工长)
生产	波音旋翼机系统
产量	1架（未完成）
现况	已取消
主要用户	美国陆军
衍生自	CH-47
技术数据
长度	87ft3in(26.59m)
高度	32ft3in(9.83m)
空重	59,580lb(27,025kg)
负载重量	12名士兵以及至少20000kg的载重
正常起飞重量	118,000lb(53,524kg)
发动机	3具Allison T701-AD-700（英语：Allison T56 variants）涡轮轴发动机
推力	每具8,080hp(6,030kW)
性能数据
最大速度	145kn(167mph,269km/h)
作战半径	150nmi(170mi,280km)

Boeing Vertol XCH-62(公司编号Model 301)是一款由波音旋翼机系统为美国陆军设计的三涡轮重型运输直升机。该计划于1971年获得批准，虽然原型机已完成95%，但随后于1975年取消计划。

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发展

虽然CH-47 契努克依照美国标准属于大型直升机，但其28,000lb(13,000kg)的有效载荷与Mi-26直升机的44,000lb(20,000kg)相比，却还是相形见绌。甚至当时苏联研制的V-12直升机，其有效载荷更达55,000到88,000lb(25,000到40,000kg)。长期以来，波音和美国军方一直渴望赶上或超越米尔莫斯科直升机工厂研制的重型运输直升机。1960年代末，波音开始设计一款与CH-46海骑士直升机和CH-47 契努克相似，但尺寸却大约是契努克的两倍的新型运输直升机。新方案的编号为Model 227和Model 237。^[5]

美国国防部于1970年11月发布重型直升机(Heavy Lift Helicopter,HLH)需求方案说明书（英语：Request for proposal）。1971年5月7日，国防部宣布第一阶段将选择波音旋翼机系统的方案。^[6]1973年获得陆军HLH的原型机合约后，波音开始建造超大型运输直升机XCH-62。XCH-62原型机于1975年已经接近完工，并计划于1976年进行首飞。^[7]XT701引擎于1975年3月12日通过了30小时的原型机初步飞行评级测试(Prototype Preliminary Flight Rating Test,PPFRT)，随后于8月4日通过了60小时的安全演示测试(Safety Demonstration Test,SDT)。^[8] 但该计划于8月1日正式取消。取消时，原型机已完成95%，需要大约三个月的组装和检验才能推出和安装，并进行飞行前测试。^[9]^:3

由于XCH-62所采用的设计并没有考虑到轮缘弯曲的影响，因此主传动螺旋锥齿轮在试验中出现了故障。为了解决这问题，波音重新研制了具有强化轮缘的新齿轮。为了更准确地预测齿轮的负载能力，波音还开发了广泛的有限元素法系统。美国陆军的XCH-62后旋翼传动装置最终在全设计扭矩和速度下成功进行了测试，但美国国会于1975年8月削减了该计划的资金。^[10]Mil 而Mi-26直升机的设计者透过在主旋翼传动装置中使用分流扭矩设计来避免类似问题。^[11]

虽然遭到国会阻拦，但波音还是尝试完成XCH-62^[12]^[13]，其序号为73-22012。^[14]1980年代中期，陆军、NASA和国防高等研究计划署合作制定了一项建成XCH-62的计划，总共需要7,100万美元。^[15] 然而，国会拒绝拨款，这导致计划始终无法完成。^[5]未完成的XCH-62从宾夕凡尼亚州费城的一个仓库经由驳船运送至佛罗里达州巴拿马城^[16]，并于12月8日由CH-47D吊运至阿拉巴马州鲁克尔堡的美国陆军航空博物馆（英语：United States Army Aviation Museum），1987年。^[17] XCH-62是西方国家有史以来最大的直升机，曾在美国陆军航空博物馆展出，但于2005年被废弃。^[14] 2008年，一些零部件被送往滨海韦斯顿的直升机博物馆（英语：The Helicopter Museum），并在那里展出。^[18]

设计

XCH-62 是一架串联旋翼（英语：Tandem-rotor aircraft）直升机。^[3]^:2695 XCH-62本来要预计吊挂美国国防部的标准8ft×8ft×20ft(2.4m×2.4m×6.1m)MILVAN 货柜，重达22.4short tons(20,300kg)。^[1]其间距较宽的起落架使其能够将装甲车等重型货物置于其底盘，并且在其细长的机身中仍可运载12名士兵。波音也考虑推出商业版本Model 301。^[5]XCH-62是第一架配备无机械备份的电传飞行控制系统的直升机。^[1]

参考

引文

[1]
H.L.H. 1975 flight test projected: Component technology program meeting development goal. Army Research and Development. Vol. 15 no. 1. January–February 1974: 10–11. ISSN 0004-2560. hdl:2027/msu.31293012265199.
[2]
Wilson Flight International 13 July 1972, p.47.
[3]
U.S. Senate Research and Development Subcommittee of the Committee on Armed Services. Department of the Army: Heavy lift helicopter (报告). Washington, D.C., U.S.A.: 2649-2709. March 18, 1974. hdl:2027/umn.31951d03440242r.
[4]
Schneider, John J. The developing technology and economics of large helicopters (PDF). European Rotorcraft and Powered Lift Aircraft Forum Sixth. Bristol, England, U.K.: 3–1 to 3–15. September 16–19, 1980 [2023-11-01]. OCLC 9813207. hdl:20.500.11881/1859. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2021-11-05）.
[5]
Greg Goebel's Vectorsite. （原始内容存档于August 7, 2007）.
[6]
Woodley, David R.; Castle, William S. Heavy lift helicopter main engines. SAE Technical Papers. National Aerospace Engineering and Manufacturing Meeting. SAE Technical Paper Series 1. Los Angeles, California, U.S.A.: Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE). October 16–18, 1973 (February 1973). ISSN 0148-7191. doi:10.4271/730920.
[7]
Army revises HLH program, sets competitive prototype tests. R&D News. Army Research and Development. Vol. 16 no. 2. March–April 1975: 4–5. ISSN 0004-2560. hdl:2027/osu.32435062846985.
[8]
Stinger, D.H.; Redmond, W.A. Advanced gas turbine for marine propulsion model 570-K. SAE Technical Papers. SAE West Coast Meeting, Town & Country. SAE Technical Paper Series 1. San Diego, California, U.S.A.: Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE). August 7–10, 1978 (February 1978). ISSN 0148-7191. doi:10.4271/780702.
[9]
Boeing Vertol Company. Heavy lift helicopter — Prototype technical summary (报告). April 1980. OCLC 227450087.
[10]
XCH-62 page on Globalsecurity.org. [2023-11-01]. （原始内容存档于2023-03-24）.
[11]
Smirnov, G. "Multiple-Power-Path Nonplanetary Main Gearbox of the Mi-26 Heavy-Lift Transport Helicopter", Vertiflite March/April 1990, pp. 20-23
[12]
Meantime, back at Boeing.... Technology update. Popular Mechanics. Vol. 158 no. 3. September 1982: 173 [2023-11-01]. ISSN 0032-4558. （原始内容存档于2023-11-01）.
[13]
Champion choppers. Technology update. Popular Mechanics. Vol. 162 no. 4. April 1985: 69 [2023-11-01]. ISSN 0032-4558. （原始内容存档于2023-11-01）.
[14]
XCH-62 destruction pictures cause a stir. Aero-News Network. November 20, 2005 [August 9, 2020]. （原始内容存档于2023-11-01）.
[15]
Wilson, George C. Army seeks to test canceled helicopter. Citizens' Voice (Washington, D.C., U.S.A.). The Washington Post. December 13, 1984 [2023-11-01]. ISSN 1070-8626. （原始内容存档于2023-11-01） –通过Newspapers.com.
[16]
From drawing board to museum. The nation. Orlando Sentinel. December 9, 1987: A-10. ISSN 0744-6055 –通过Newspapers.com.
[17]
Copter carry. National dateline. Pensacola News Journal. December 9, 1987: 4A. OCLC 54453673 –通过Newspapers.com.
[18]
Arrival of landing gear from Boeing Vertol XCH-62 (HLH). Friends of The Helicopter Museum. [August 9, 2020]. （原始内容存档于2023-08-28）.

书籍

Blackwell, Brendan P. H.L.H.. U.S. Army Aviation Digest. Vol. 19 no. 8. August 1973: 8–16. ISSN 0004-2471. hdl:2027/msu.31293108025135.
Fries, Gordon H.; Schneider, John J. HLH and beyond. SAE Technical Papers. SAE Aerospace Meeting. SAE Technical Paper Series 1. Los Angeles, California, U.S.A.: Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE). December 3–6, 1979 (February 1979). ISSN 0148-7191. OCLC 5817968838. doi:10.4271/791086.
Heavy Lift Helicopter. Military Notes. Military Review. Vol. 51 no. 5. May 1971: 95. ISSN 1943-1147. hdl:2027/uc1.31205012550834.
Wilson, Michael. America's heavy-lift helicopter. Flight International. 13 July 1972: 44c–47. ISSN 0015-3710. （原始内容存档于5 March 2016）.

外部链接

XCH-62 Boeing Vertol HLH （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

[ARD197401-1] [1]
H.L.H. 1975 flight test projected: Component technology program meeting development goal. Army Research and Development. Vol. 15 no. 1. January–February 1974: 10–11. ISSN 0004-2560. hdl:2027/msu.31293012265199.

[Wilson_p47-2] [2]
Wilson Flight International 13 July 1972, p.47.

[USSenate1974-3] [3]
U.S. Senate Research and Development Subcommittee of the Committee on Armed Services. Department of the Army: Heavy lift helicopter (报告). Washington, D.C., U.S.A.: 2649-2709. March 18, 1974. hdl:2027/umn.31951d03440242r.

[Schneider1980-4] [4]
Schneider, John J. The developing technology and economics of large helicopters (PDF). European Rotorcraft and Powered Lift Aircraft Forum Sixth. Bristol, England, U.K.: 3–1 to 3–15. September 16–19, 1980 [2023-11-01]. OCLC 9813207. hdl:20.500.11881/1859. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2021-11-05）.

[Vectorsite-5] [5]
Greg Goebel's Vectorsite. （原始内容存档于August 7, 2007）.

[HLH_Main_Engines-6] [6]
Woodley, David R.; Castle, William S. Heavy lift helicopter main engines. SAE Technical Papers. National Aerospace Engineering and Manufacturing Meeting. SAE Technical Paper Series 1. Los Angeles, California, U.S.A.: Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE). October 16–18, 1973 (February 1973). ISSN 0148-7191. doi:10.4271/730920.

[ARD197503-7] [7]
Army revises HLH program, sets competitive prototype tests. R&D News. Army Research and Development. Vol. 16 no. 2. March–April 1975: 4–5. ISSN 0004-2560. hdl:2027/osu.32435062846985.

[1978StingerRedmond-8] [8]
Stinger, D.H.; Redmond, W.A. Advanced gas turbine for marine propulsion model 570-K. SAE Technical Papers. SAE West Coast Meeting, Town & Country. SAE Technical Paper Series 1. San Diego, California, U.S.A.: Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE). August 7–10, 1978 (February 1978). ISSN 0148-7191. doi:10.4271/780702.

[BVFinalReport1980-9] [9]
Boeing Vertol Company. Heavy lift helicopter — Prototype technical summary (报告). April 1980. OCLC 227450087.

[10] [10]
XCH-62 page on Globalsecurity.org. [2023-11-01]. （原始内容存档于2023-03-24）.

[11] [11]
Smirnov, G. "Multiple-Power-Path Nonplanetary Main Gearbox of the Mi-26 Heavy-Lift Transport Helicopter", Vertiflite March/April 1990, pp. 20-23

[PM198209-12] [12]
Meantime, back at Boeing.... Technology update. Popular Mechanics. Vol. 158 no. 3. September 1982: 173 [2023-11-01]. ISSN 0032-4558. （原始内容存档于2023-11-01）.

[PM198504-13] [13]
Champion choppers. Technology update. Popular Mechanics. Vol. 162 no. 4. April 1985: 69 [2023-11-01]. ISSN 0032-4558. （原始内容存档于2023-11-01）.

[AN20051120-14] [14]
XCH-62 destruction pictures cause a stir. Aero-News Network. November 20, 2005 [August 9, 2020]. （原始内容存档于2023-11-01）.

[WaPoWilson-15] [15]
Wilson, George C. Army seeks to test canceled helicopter. Citizens' Voice (Washington, D.C., U.S.A.). The Washington Post. December 13, 1984 [2023-11-01]. ISSN 1070-8626. （原始内容存档于2023-11-01） –通过Newspapers.com.

[OS19871209-16] [16]
From drawing board to museum. The nation. Orlando Sentinel. December 9, 1987: A-10. ISSN 0744-6055 –通过Newspapers.com.

[PNJ19871209-17] [17]
Copter carry. National dateline. Pensacola News Journal. December 9, 1987: 4A. OCLC 54453673 –通过Newspapers.com.

[FTHM-18] [18]
Arrival of landing gear from Boeing Vertol XCH-62 (HLH). Friends of The Helicopter Museum. [August 9, 2020]. （原始内容存档于2023-08-28）.

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