Videnskabelighed og Literatur i Middelalderen)之名印刷出版。其中,他認為諾斯文學(英语:OldNorseliterature)屬挪威文化,非整著北歐文化。諾斯人和哥德人皆屬日耳曼人,自烏拉(英语:Ural (region))和窩瓦河地區的某處遷移至斯堪地那維亞地區。
311017149X. Barnes, Michael (2005). "Language" in A Companion to OldNorse-Icelandic Literature and Culture, ed. by Rory McTurk. ISBN 0-631-23502-7. Jahr, Ernst
Development in OldNorseLiterature. Ph.D. Diss. University of Colorado. 1972: iii. Laing, Samuel (1889). The Heimskringla or the Sagas of the Norse Kings. London:
reprinted 1999. The Saga of the Volsungs: the Norse Epic of Sugurd the Dragon Slayer. Translated from OldNorse with an introduction. Penguin Books Limited