沙鮻科(学名:Sillaginidae)又名𬶮科,俗称沙鮻、沙肠仔,是一种辐鳍鱼纲真鲈形系的海鱼,传统上归于鲈形目,2016年《世界鱼类》第五版将其放在鲷形目,2017年《硬骨鱼分类系统》将其放在真鲈形系下目级地位未定的一科。[2]
形态
沙鮻鱼的身体呈细长的圆柱形,头部作锥体状,鱼鳞和口部都较小。沙鮻鱼的特性是极容易受惊吓,而且受惊吓时会躲进海底的沙泥里[3]。沙鮻鱼杂食,摄食泥地的小虾、甲壳类、多毛类等底栖动物[4]。
沙鮻常见于西太平洋及印度洋的浅海海床。由于沙鮻鱼通常背部都较深色,但鱼肚则是白色,所以在澳大利亚及印度的人,会把当地常见的一种沙鮻鱼称为Whiting。
分类
𬶮科共有5属37种,当中绝大部分的33种都属于𬶮属。其余的4个种,分别属于各自的属。[5][6]
- 𬶮属 Sillago Cuvier,1816
- 杂色𬶮 Sillago aeolus Jordan & Evermann, 1902:又名星沙鮻、星𬶮
- 金线𬶮 Sillago analis Whitley, 1943
- 阿拉伯𬶮 Sillago arabica McKay & McCarthy, 1989
- 银带𬶮 Sillago argentifasciata Martin & Montalban, 1935
- 亚洲𬶮 Sillago asiatica McKay, 1982:又名亚洲沙鮻
- 波斯湾𬶮 Sillago attenuata McKay, 1985
- 银𬶮 Sillago bassensis Cuvier, 1829
- 北部湾𬶮 Sillago boutani Pellegrin, 1905
- 红𬶮 Sillago burrus Richardson, 1842:又名澳洲𬶮
- 异尾𬶮 Sillago caudicula Kaga, Imamura & Nakaya, 2010
- 纤𬶮 Sillago ciliata Cuvier, 1829 ( = Parasillago ciliata):又名副𬶮
- 弗氏𬶮 Sillago flindersi McKay, 1985
- 印度𬶮 Sillago indica McKay, Dutt & Sujatha, 1985
- 海湾𬶮 Sillago ingenuua McKay, 1985:又名湾沙鮻
- 间𬶮 Sillago intermedia Wongratana, 1977
- 少鳞𬶮 Sillago japonica Temminck & Schlegel, 1843:又名青沙鮻
- 泥𬶮 Sillago lutea McKay, 1985
- 斑𬶮 Sillago maculata Quoy & Gaimard, 1824
- 大头𬶮 Sillago megacephalus Lin, 1933
- 小眼𬶮 Sillago microps McKay, 1985
- 粗𬶮 Sillago nierstraszi Hardenberg, 1941
- 黑纹𬶮 Sillago nigrofasciata Xiao, Yu, Song & Gao, 2021
- 潘氏𬶮 Sillago panhwari Panhwar, Farooq, Qamar, Shaikh & Mairaj, 2017
- 细鳞𬶮 Sillago parvisquamis Gill, 1861:又名小鳞沙鮻
- 钝头𬶮 Sillago robusta Stead, 1908
- 黄鳍𬶮 Sillago schomburgkii Peters, 1864
- 多鳞𬶮 Sillago sihama (Fabricius, 1775):又名沙鮻
- 邵氏𬶮 Sillago shaoi Gao & Xiao, 2016
- 中国𬶮 Sillago sinica Gao & Xue, 2011
- 沙林𬶮 Sillago soringa Dutt & Sujatha, 1982
- 苏伊士𬶮 Sillago suezensis Golani, Fricke & Tikochinski, 2013
- 文氏𬶮 Sillago vincenti McKay, 1980
- 斜纹𬶮 Sillago vittata McKay, 1985
- 长背𬶮属 Sillaginodes Gill, 1861:又名似𬶮属
- 斑似𬶮 Sillaginodes punctatus (Cuvier, 1829)
- 九棘𬶮属 Sillaginopsis Gill, 1861:又名拟𬶮属
- 平头拟𬶮 Sillaginopsis panijus (Hamilton, 1822)
- 大指𬶮属 Sillaginopodys Fowler, 1933
- 大鳞𬶮属 Sillaginops Kaga, 2013
- 大鳞𬶮 Sillaginops macrolepis (Bleeker, 1858)
本科传统上归于鲈形目,2016年《世界鱼类》第五版将其放在鲷形目,但遗传学研究显示本科会是鲷形目、𩽾𩾌目、鲀形目、刺尾鲷目、笛鲷目等等演化支的外类群,因而2017年《硬骨鱼分类系统》将其放在真鲈形系下目级地位未定的一科。[2]
真鲈形系 |
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Eupercaria |
参考文献
Wikiwand in your browser!
Seamless Wikipedia browsing. On steroids.
Every time you click a link to Wikipedia, Wiktionary or Wikiquote in your browser's search results, it will show the modern Wikiwand interface.
Wikiwand extension is a five stars, simple, with minimum permission required to keep your browsing private, safe and transparent.