阿法尔语(Afar,Qafár af)属于低地东库希特语支,与萨霍语(Saho language)最接近,使用的地区包括埃塞俄比亚、厄立特里亚和吉布提,使用者的识字率约百分之1至3,而使用阿法尔语的阿法尔人有150万。与其他东库希特语支一样,阿法尔语采用主宾谓结构。[1]
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阿法尔语中正字的辅音读音如下(括号内为国际音标)︰
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音节末的辅音有除阻,例如akʰˈme。
- 短音
- a [ʌ]
- e [e]
- i [i]
- o [o]
- u [u]
- 长元音
- aa [aː]
- ee [eː]
- ii [iː]
- oo [oː]
- uu [uː]
- 肯定动词的尾音送气(和重音),如abeh “他做”= /aˈbeʰ/。
- 否定动词的尾音是不送气(和不重音),如maabinna “他没有做” = /ˈmaabinna/。
- 疑问动词的尾音拉长(和重音),如abee? “他做吗” = /aˈbeː/。
- 其他情况下,重音放在字末。
音节以 (C)V(V)(C) 组成(C=辅音,V=元音),唯一的例外是辅音群 -str。
字母︰A, B, T, S, E, C, K, X, I, D, Q, R, F, G, O, L, M, N, U, W, H, Y
字母名称︰a, ba, ta, sa, e, ca, ka, xa, i, da, qa, ra, fa, ga, o, la, ma, na, u, wa, ha, ya
Raymond G. Gordon, Jr, ed. 2005. Ethnologue: Languages of the World. 15th edition. Dallas: Summer Institute of Linguistics.
- Loren F. Bliese. 1976. "Afar", The Non-Semitic Languages of Ethiopia. Ed. Lionel M. Bender. Ann Arbor, Michigan: African Studies Center, Michigan State University. Pages 133–164.
- Loren F. Bliese. 1981. A generative grammar of Afar. Summer Institute of Linguistics publications in linguistics vol. 65. Dallas: Summer Institute of Linguistics & The University of Texas at Arlington.
- J.G. Colby. 1970. "Notes on the northern dialect of the Afar language", Journal of Ethiopian Studies 8:1–8.
- R.J. Hayward and Enid M. Parker. 1985. Afar-English-French dictionary with Grammatical Notes in English. London: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London.
- Richard J. Hayward. 1998. "Qafar (West Cushitic)", Handbook of Morphology. Ed. A. Spencer & A. Zwicky. Oxford: Blackwell. Pages 624-647.
- Didier Morin. 1997. Poésie traditionnelle des Afars. Langues et cultures africaines, 21 / SELAF vol. 363. Paris/Louvain: Peeters.
- Enid M. Parker. 2006. English-Afar Dictionary. Washington DC: Dunwoody Press.
- Rainer M. Voigt. 1975. "Bibliographie des Saho-Afar", Africana Marburgensia 8:53–63.