普法尔茨的鲁珀特亲王，KG，PC，FRS（英语：Prince Rupert of the Rhine, Duke of Cumberland；1619年12月17日（旧历）/ 12月27日（新历）[1]—1682年11月29日）神圣罗马帝国内称莱茵河王权伯爵鲁普雷希特（德语：Ruprecht Pfalzgraf bei Rhein, Herzog von Bayern），是德意志和英格兰陆军军官、海军上将、科学家和殖民地总督。他在英格兰内战期间以保王党骑兵指挥官的身份首次崭露头角。鲁珀特是普法尔茨选侯弗里德里希五世和苏格兰及英格兰国王詹姆士六世及一世的长女伊丽莎白·斯图亚特第三子。
Quick Facts 普法尔茨的鲁珀特亲王 Prince Rupert of the Rhine, 出生 ...
1619年，弗里德里希与反叛的信奉新教的波希米亚贵族结盟，希望新教联盟支持他反抗新当选的神圣罗马皇帝信奉天主教的费迪南德二世[6]。弗里德里希并未得到支持，导致他在1620年的白山战役中惨败于天主教敌人手中。鲁珀特的父母在波希米亚的统治只维持了一季，被戏称为“冬王和冬王后”[7]。为了躲避费迪南德突袭布拉格，鲁珀特几乎被抛在了后面，直到宫廷成员克里斯托弗·多纳（Kryštof z Donína）在最后一刻把亲王扔上了马车[8]。
鲁珀特陪同他的双亲来到海牙，在海牙的瓦森纳宫廷（Hof te Wassenaer）度过了他的早年时光[9]。即使按照当时的标准，鲁珀特的母亲也很少关心她的孩子，显然更喜欢她的宠物猴和狗[10]。相反，弗里德里希聘请德普勒森（de Plessen）先生和夫人管理他的孩子，指示他们谆谆教诲孩子要对捷克人/波西米亚人和英格兰持正面态度，并把孩子培养成严格的加尔文宗信徒[10] 。结果是严格的日常教学，包括逻辑、数学、写作、绘画、歌唱和演奏乐器[10]。孩提之童时，鲁珀特有时表现不好，“暴躁、淘气、易怒”，有“恶魔鲁珀特”（Robert le Diable）的绰号[11]。尽管如此，鲁珀特被证明是个很有能力的学生。三岁时，他能说一些英语、捷克语和法语，还小时就掌握了德语，但对拉丁语和希腊语不感兴趣[10]。杰拉德·凡·洪特霍斯特教他艺术，他擅长艺术，发现数学和科学很容易[10]。18岁时，他身高约6英尺4英寸（1.93米）[12]。
Beckman, Johann, William Francis and John Williams Griffiths. (1846) A History of Inventions, Discoveries, and Origins, Volume 1. London: Henry G. Bohn.
Brannt, William Theodore, Alfred Krupp and Andreas Wildberger. (2009) The Metallic Alloys: A Practical Guide. BiblioBazaar, LLC.
Coxe, John Redman. (1814) The Emporium of Arts and Sciences, Volume 3. Philadelphia: J. Delaplaine.
Croft, Hallard T, Richard K. Guy and K. J. Falconer. (1994) Unsolved Problems in Geometry. New York: Springer.
Dalton, Anthony. (2010) River Rough, River Smooth: Adventures on Manitoba's Historic Hayes River. Toronto: Dundurn.
Dircks, Henry. (1867) Inventors and Inventions.
Endsor, Richard. (2009) Restoration Warship: The Design, Construction and Career of a Third Rate of Charles II's Navy. London: Anova Books.
Granger, James. (1821) A Biographical History of England: From Egbert the Great to the Revolution. London: William Baynes.
Griffiths, Antony. (1996) Prints and Printmaking: An Introduction to the History and Techniques. Berkely: University of California Press.
Highfill, Philip H., Kalman A. Burnim and Edward A. Langhans. (1982) Volume 8 of A Biographical Dictionary of Actors, Actresses, Musicians, Dancers, Managers and Other Stage Personnel in London, 1660–1800. Southern Illinois University Press.
Hone, William. (1841) The Year Book of Daily Recreation and Information: Concerning Remarkable Men and Manners, Times and Seasons, Solemnities and Merry-makings, Antiquities and Novelties on the plan of the Every-day Book and Table. Tegg.
Kitson, Frank. (1999) Prince Rupert: Admiral and General-at-Sea. London: Constable.
Lewis, Michael. (1957) The History of the British Navy. London: Pelican Books.
Newman, P. R. (2006) Atlas of the English Civil War. London: Routledge.
Palmer, Michael A. (2007) Command at Sea: Naval Command and Control Since the Sixteenth Century. Cambridge, MA: Harvard.
Purkiss, Diane. (2001) Desire and Its Deformities: Fantasies of Witchcraft in the English Civil War. in Levack, Brian P. (ed) New Perspectives on Witchcraft, Magic, and Demonology: Witchcraft in the British Isles and New England. London: Routledge.
Purkiss, Diane. (2007) The English Civil War: A People's History. London: Harper.
Salaman, Malcolm. (2005) The Old Engravers of England in Their Relation to Contemporary Life and Art, 1540–1800. Kessinger Publishing.
Spencer, Charles. (2007) Prince Rupert: The Last Cavalier. London: Phoenix. ISBN 978-0-297-84610-9
Urbanowicz, Gary. R. (2002) Badges of the Bravest: A Pictorial History of Fire Departments in New York City. T
.jpg)
