社会性死亡

社会性死亡（英语：Social death），简称社死，指的是人身败名裂，被社会忽视、孤立或隔离。像奥兰多‧帕特森（英语：Orlando Patterson）和齐格蒙·鲍曼等社会学家有用过此词语，研究奴隶及纳粹大屠杀的历史学家也使用此一词语来说明政府隔离和社会隔离在此过程中扮演的角色^[1][2]。以下是一些社会性死亡的例子：

• 种族和性别排斥、迫害、奴役以及种族隔离^[3][4][5]。
• 政府将一些人或是群体排除在社会之外，例如古雅典的陶片放逐制，罪犯、娼妓、法外之徒^[6][7]。
• 对患有精神疾病的人进行的机构收容（英语：Institutionalisation）及隔离。

可以说，“退化”（英语：Degeneration）病症理论以及类似的理论是最极端的社会性死亡的例子。这类退化的概念在左翼及右翼的政治群体中都有出现。不论左翼还是右翼的政治群体，会用“颓废”（decadence）一词来形容和他们在社会、道德、宗教、美学或政治立场上不同的人：对左翼而言，颓废一词是用来形容倾向抑制任何形式进步的右翼人士；对右翼而言，颓废一词是用来形容破坏社会基本秩序的左翼人士。

相关条目

• 村八分
• 绝罚
• 流亡
• 流放
• 记录抹煞
• 奴隶制度

注解

1. Claudia Card, Genocide and Social Death, Hypatia, Vol. 18, No. 1 (Winter 2003)
2. BRODBER, ERNA. History and Social Death. Caribbean Quarterly. December 2012, 58 (4): 111–115.
3. Family and Psycho-Social Dimensions of Death and Dying in African Americans, Key Topics on End-of-Life Care for African Americans, Duke Institute on Care at the End of Life and the Initiative to Improve Palliative Care for African Americans
4. John Edwin Mason, Social Death and Resurrection: Slavery and Emancipation in South Africa, ISBN 0-8139-2178-3
5. Patterson 2000. sfn模板错误: 无指向目标: CITEREFPatterson2000 (帮助)
6. Jaap W. Ouwerkerk, et al., Avoiding the Social Death Penalty: Threat of Ostracism and Cooperation in Social Dilemmas, The 7th Annual Sydney Symposium of Social Psychology: The Social Outcast: Ostracism, Social Exclusion, Rejection, & Bullying, Mar. 16-18, 2004 (Alternate link)
7. Matelita Ragogo, Social Death Part of AIDS Tragedy, Says HIV-Positive Advocate, Agence France Presse, Sept. 9, 2002

参考资料

• Claudia Card, Genocide and Social Death, Hypatia, Vol. 18, No. 1 (Winter 2003)
• Family and Psycho-Social Dimensions of Death and Dying in African Americans, Key Topics on End-of-Life Care for African Americans, Duke Institute on Care at the End of Life and the Initiative to Improve Palliative Care for African Americans
• Brian Garavaglia, Avoiding the Tendency to Medicalize the Grieving Process: Reconciliation Rather Than Resolution （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, The New Social Worker Online, Summer 2006
• John Edwin Mason, Social Death and Resurrection: Slavery and Emancipation in South Africa （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, ISBN 0-8139-2178-3
• Jaap W. Ouwerkerk, et al., Avoiding the Social Death Penalty: Threat of Ostracism and Cooperation in Social Dilemmas （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, The 7th Annual Sydney Symposium of Social Psychology: The Social Outcast: Ostracism, Social Exclusion, Rejection, & Bullying, Mar. 16-18, 2004 (Alternate link)
• Orlando Patterson. Slavery and Social Death: A Comparative Study. 1985. ISBN 0-674-81082-1. 含有内容需登入查看的页面 (link)
• Matelita Ragogo, Social Death Part of AIDS Tragedy, Says HIV-Positive Advocate （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Agence France Presse, Sept. 9, 2002
• Deborah C. Reidy, Stigma is Social Death: Mental Health Consumers/Survivors Talk About Stigma In Their Lives （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Alaska Mental Health Consumer Web
• Stuart Waldman, Surviving a Fate Worse than Death: The Plight of the Homebound Elderly （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Loss, Grief & Care: A Journal of Professional Practice Vol. 6, No. 4 (May 14, 1993), ISSN 8756-4610
• Trish Williams, Death, Dying and Grieving （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Losing Tom: A Documentary Film