海底地下水排泄

海底地下水排泄（英语：Submarine groundwater discharge，缩写：SGD）是一个通常发生在沿海地区的水文过程。它被描述为淡水和咸水地下水从陆地流入海洋的海底。海底地下水排放是由几个强迫机制控制的，这些机制导致陆地和海洋之间的水力梯度^[1]。考虑到不同的区域环境，排放的方式有：(1)沿着岩溶和岩石地区的裂缝集中流动，(2)在软质沉积物中分散流动，或(3)海水在海洋沉积物中再循环。海底地下水排放在沿海生物地球化学过程和水文循环中发挥着重要作用，如近海浮游生物的形成、水文循环以及营养物质、微量元素和气体的释放^[2][3][4][5]。它影响到沿海生态系统，几千年来，一些当地社区一直将其作为淡水资源使用^[6]。

参考文献

1. William C.Burnett, Bokuniewicz, Henry, Huettel, Markus, Moore, Willard S., Taniguchi, Makoto. "Groundwater and pore water inputs to the coastal zone", Biogeochemistry, Volume 66, 2003, Page 3–33.
2. Claudette Spiteri, Caroline P. Slomp, Matthew A. Charette, Kagan Tuncay, Christof Meile. "Flow and nutrient dynamics in a subterranean estuary (Waquoit Bay, MA, USA): Field data and reactive transport modeling", Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Volume 72, Issue 14, 15 July 2008, Pages 3398–3412.
3. Caroline P. Slomp, Philippe Van Cappellen. "Nutrient inputs to the coastal ocean through submarine groundwater discharge: controls and potential impact", Journal of Hydrology, Volume 295, Issues 1–4, 10 August 2004, Pages 64–86.
4. Moore, Willard S. Large groundwater inputs to coastal waters revealed by 226Ra enrichments. Nature. 1996, 380 (6575): 612–614. S2CID 4249682. doi:10.1038/380612a0.
5. Matthew A. Charette, Edward R. Sholkovitz. "Trace element cycling in a subterranean estuary: Part 2. Geochemistry of the pore water", Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Volume 70, Issue 4, 15 February 2006, Pages 811–826.
6. Moosdorf, N.; Oehler, T. Societal use of fresh submarine groundwater discharge: An overlooked water resource. Earth-Science Reviews. 2017-08-01, 171: 338–348. ISSN 0012-8252. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2017.06.006 .