起尸鬼,简称尸鬼,为印度神话中通过咒术唤来的不死鬼怪,可使令其操纵、运送尸体,或者是将尸体变为类似于僵尸的怪物,从而害人,甚至代为杀人。[1]

汉语中译为“起尸鬼”者有二,一种叫毘(毗)陀罗(梵语वेताल罗马化:Vetāla),或译迷怛罗、韦陀罗,也译作“起死人”,也可指这一类咒术、巫术[2];另有一种叫做吉遮(梵语Kṛtya巴利语Kicca),或译吉蔗、吉栗蔗、讫栗著,也译作所作、造、事,如为夜叉鬼咒使的就称为夜叉吉蔗[1]但佛经中常并举二者,可见二者是有所区别的。[3]

印度民间的鬼故事集《尸鬼二十五话英语Baital Pachisi》(vetālapañcaviṃśati)描绘了大量起尸鬼的传说。佛经中提到,诵念佛经、真言咒,可以预防和对治起尸鬼咒法,如《药师经》提到药师佛名号可以遮蔽起尸鬼等鬼怪[4],《六字咒王经》也说“文殊菩萨六字神咒”(唵伐髻驮那麻,非六字大明咒)也有此用[3]

参见

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