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来自维基百科,自由的百科全书
本因坊道的(1669年—1690年6月13日),生于日本伊势国松坂,本姓小川,法名日勇,日本江户时代围棋棋士,棋力上手(七段),本因坊家迹目,二十一岁英年早逝[参2]。
父亲为小川草庵,道的自幼喜碁,拜于棋圣道策门下[参3]。十三岁时棋力达到六段[参1],为古今最年轻的六段[参4],与昭和棋圣吴清源、本因坊治勋并称为围棋史上的三大神童[参5]。与桑原道节、星合八硕、佐山策元、熊谷本硕合称坊门五虎[参6][参7]、道策五弟子[参8],其中道的与大弟子道节并称“坊门双璧”,两人为道策最强徒弟[参4][参9]。
由于道策认为道节年纪太大[注1],加上道的人品出色[参4][参9],1684年道的十五岁被立为迹目。道节不满而要求与道的对局争迹目之位,遭到道策拒绝;不久道策的弟弟、棋四家之一井上家的家督道砂因硕由于没有继承人选,道节因此过继至井上家,迹目一事因此平息[参1]。之后道的开始出赛御城碁,1685年持白击败安井家七段棋士安井春知;寺社奉行召见道的,将其升到上手,为围棋界极为罕见之事[参10]。
十八岁时,已可与道策分先,双方持黑各一目胜;1689年最后一次御城碁,对上安井家家督安井知哲持白十七目大胜,已预见是未来的名人[参2]。1690年道的染上肺病急逝,得年二十一岁;遗谱中持黑未败,总计二十二局十五胜六败一打挂[注2][参2]。死后葬于本因坊家历代墓所江户本妙寺。道的继承了道策的道策流,留下的棋谱和胜败纪录,水准都很高,因此有评论认为道的是史上最强的棋士[参8][参6]。
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(56 = 65[注3])
此局为1682年小川道的十三岁、六段时与道策所下,道策让二子。道策下出很多测试手,但道的不受迷惑而中盘胜,可看出早期道的的棋力[参12]。
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此局为1682年道的让二子获胜后,道策尝试与道的分先的对局,最后黑1目胜,为古谱中的名局[参13]。图中黑1为实战中第71手棋。
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此局为1687年道的持白对道策,道策自1670年代后期将众多敌手降级升上名人后,就再也没持过黑棋,此局为道策后半生唯一持黑的棋局[参14]。白棋借由攻击右下角而使局面细微,最后道策黑一目胜,为道的的名局[参15]。