突出部之役(英语:Battle of the Bulge),或称阿登战役(法语:Bataille des Ardennes)。德国B集团军群初称为守护莱茵作战,后更为秋雾(德语:Herbstnebel)。发生于1944年12月16日到1945年1月25日,是指德国于二战末期在欧洲西线战场比利时瓦隆的阿登地区发动的攻势。此次战役与一些次要的较小规模作战协调进行,其中包括地板行动和狮鹫行动等。德军此次作战目标是希望突破英美盟军战线并将其一分为二、重新占领安特卫普,包围并消灭盟军位于突出部北面的4个军,迫使盟军在德国占优势的条件下展开停战谈判。此次作战如果成功,希特勒就可以集中全力应付东线战事。
位于中间的小镇圣维特是一处极重要的道路汇集口,是对曼托菲尔和底特里希部队的严峻挑战。防守方由美国第7装甲师带头,并包括第106步兵师一个团和一些来自第9装甲师和第28步兵师的小部队。他们在布鲁斯·C·克拉克将军(Bruce C. Clarke)指挥下成功抵挡了德军的进攻,因此相当大的减缓了德军前进速度。圣维特在12月21日被命令放弃,美军部队退往此地区布有壕沟的据点,形成德军成功推进的威胁。12月23日随着侧翼被德军击溃防线已无法维持,美军部队被命令撤至萨尔姆河(Salm)以西。因为德军的计划原要求在12月17日下午6时占领圣维特,因此在此地和周遭的拖延对他们的时间表形成重大打击。
布拉德利和巴顿皆威胁要辞职,除非蒙哥马利被撤换,布拉德利随后开始招徕媒体,据说他后来几乎很少离开指挥总部“除非有至少15名新闻记者”,并有传言他和巴顿然后开始泄露对蒙哥马利有害的情资。艾森豪在他的英军代理人亚瑟·泰德的支持下,有意将蒙哥马利解职,不过最终来自蒙哥马利和他的参谋总长弗雷迪·德·甘冈少将(Freddie de Guingand)以及美国沃特·贝戴尔·史密斯中将(Walter Bedell Smith)的干预使艾森豪重新考虑并使蒙哥马利得以致歉。
Bennett, Ralph, Behind the Battle: Intelligence in the War with Germany, 1939-1945, Sinclair-Stephenson, 1994, ISBN 0712665218
Bergström, Christer, The Ardennes: Hitler's Winter Offensive 1944–1945, Havertown: Casemate Publishers, 2014, ISBN 978-1-61200-277-4
Blumenson, Martin, Eisenhower, New York: Ballantine Books, 1972
Boog, Horst; Krebs, Gerhard; Vogel, Detlef, Das Deutsche Reich in der Defensive Strategischer Luftkrieg in Europa, Krieg im Westen und in Ostasien 1943 bis 1944/45 [The Strategic Air War in Europe and the War in the West and East Asia 1943–1944/5], Das Deutsche Reich und die Zweite Weltkrieg 7, Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, 2001, ISBN 978-3-421-05507-1(德语)
Calvocoressi, Peter, Top Secret Ultra Revised, Cleobury Mortimer, England: M & M Baldwin, 2001
Cavanagh, William C. C., The Battle East of Elsenborn, Pen and Sword, 2004, ISBN 1-84415-126-3
Churchill, Winston, Triumph and Tragedy, The Second World War6, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1953 [19 July 2021], LCCN 53-12165 含有内容需登入查看的页面 (link)
Cirillo, Roger, Ardennes-Alsace, The U.S. Army Campaigns of World War II, U.S. Army Center of Military History, 1995 [16 July 2021], CMH Pub 72-26, (原始内容存档于6 December 2008)
Clarke, Jeffrey J.; Smith, Robert Ross, Chapter XXXVIII: The Battle of Alsace, Riviera to the Rhine, United States Army in World War II: The European Theater of Operations, U.S. Army Center of Military History, 1993, ISBN 978-0-16-034746-7, CMH Pub. 7-10
Clodfelter, Michl ea, The Toll of World War II, U.S. Statistics, Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Encyclopedia of Casualty and Other Figures, 1494–2007 Third, Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland, 2008, ISBN 978-0-7864-3319-3|chapter=被忽略 (帮助)
Dupuy, Trevor N.; Bongard, David L.; Anderson, Richard C., Jr., Hitler's Last Gamble: The Battle of the Bulge, December 1944 – January 1945, HarperCollins, 1994, ISBN 0-06-016627-4
Eisenhower, John S.D., The Bitter Woods First, New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1969, ISBN 0-306-80652-5
Ellis, Lionel F.; Warhurst, A. E., Butler, James , 编, The Defeat of Germany, Victory in the West: History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series II, Naval and Military Press, 2009 [1968], ISBN 978-184574059-7
Elstob, Peter, Hitler's Last Offensive Revised, Barnsley: Pen & Sword Military Classics, 2003 [1971], ISBN 0-85052-984-0
Goldstein, Donald M.; Dillon, Katherine V.; Wenger, J. Michael, Nuts!: The Battle of the Bulge: The Story and Photographs, Potomac Books, 1994, ISBN 978-0-02-881069-0
Greenfield, Kent Roberts (编), The War Against Germany: Europe and Adjacent Areas(PDF), United States Army in World War II: Pictorial Record Second, U.S. Army Center of Military History, 1989 [First printed 1951] [20 July 2021], CMH Pub. 12-3, (原始内容(PDF)存档于2022-04-03)
MacDougall, Robert, Leaders in Dangerous Times: Douglas Macarthur and Dwight D. Eisenhower, Trafford Publishing, 2013, ISBN 9781490712314
Marshall, S. L. A., Bastogne: The First Eight Days, U.S. Army in Action Series Facsimile reprint, U.S. Army Center of Military History, 1988 [Originally published 1946] [6 December 2008], CMH Pub 22-2, (原始内容存档于4 December 2008)
Meyer, Kurt, Grenadiers, The Story of Waffen-SS General Kurt "Panzer" Meyer, Stackpole Books, 2005, ISBN 978-0-8117-3197-3
McDonald, Gabrielle (编), Substantive and Procedural Aspects of International Criminal Law: The Experience of International and National Courts, Springer, 2000, ISBN 90-411-1135-2
Montgomery, Brian, A Field Marshal in the Family, Pen and Sword, 2010, ISBN 978-1848844254
Morelock, Jerry D., Generals of the Bulge: Leadership in the U.S. Army's Greatest Battle, Stackpole Books, 2015, ISBN 978-0811711999
Newton, Steven H., Hitler's Commander: Field Marshal Walter Model – Hitler's Favorite General, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Da Capo, 2006, ISBN 0-306-81399-8
O'Donnell, Patrick K., Dog Company: The Boys of Pointe du Hoc – The Rangers Who Accomplished D-Day's Toughest Mission and Led the Way across Europe, Boston: Da Capo Press, 2012, ISBN 978-0-306-82029-8
Parker, Danny S., Battle of the Bulge: Hitler's Ardennes Offensive, 1944–1945, Combined Books, 1991, ISBN 0-938289-04-7
Parker, Danny S., Battle of the Bulge: Hitler's Ardennes Offensive, 1944–1945 New with photos, Da Capo Press, 2004 [1991], ISBN 978-0-306-81391-7
Parker, Danny S., To Win the Winter Sky: The Air War over the Ardennes 1944–1945, Combined Books, 1994, ISBN 0-938289-35-7
Pearson, Joss (编), Neil Webster's Cribs for Victory: The Untold Story of Bletchley Park's Secret Room, Polperro Heritage Press, 2011, ISBN 978-0-9559541-8-4
Pogue, Forrest C., The Supreme Command(PDF), U.S. Army in World War II: European Theater of Operations, Washington, D.C.: U.S. Army Center of Military History, 1954 [17 July 2021], LCCN 53-61717, CMH Pub. 7-1, (原始内容(PDF)存档于5 September 2021)
Quarrie, Bruce, The Ardennes Offensive VI Panzer Armee, Osprey, 1999, ISBN 978-1-85532-853-2
Reynolds, Michael, Men of Steel: I SS Panzer Corps: The Ardennes and Eastern Front, 1944–45, Casemate Publishers, 2006, ISBN 1-932033-51-3
Sorge, Martin K., The Other Price of Hitler's War: German Military and Civilian Losses Resulting From World War II, Greenwood Press, 1986, ISBN 0-313-25293-9
Stanton, Shelby, World War II Order of Battle: An Encyclopedic Reference to U.S. Army Ground Forces from Battalion through Division, 1939–1946, Stackpole Books, 2006
Stewart, Richard W. (编), World War II: The War Against Germany and Italy, The United States Army in a Global Era, 1917–2008(PDF), American Military History II Second, U.S. Army Center of Military History: 133–168, 2010 [19 July 2021], CMH Pub. 30-22, (原始内容(PDF)存档于2022-07-10)
Toland, John, Battle: The Story of the Bulge, Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1999, ISBN 0-8032-9437-9
Wilmot, Chester, The Struggle for Europe Reprint, Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1972 [First printed 1952] 含有内容需登入查看的页面 (link)
Young, William H.; Young, Nancy K. (编), World War II and the Postwar Years in America: A Historical and Cultural Encyclopedia 1, ABC-CLIO, 2010, ISBN 978-0-313-35652-0
Zaloga, Steven, Battle of the Bulge 1944, Oxford: Osprey, 2004, ISBN 1-84176-810-3
Wikiwand in your browser!
Seamless Wikipedia browsing. On steroids.
Every time you click a link to Wikipedia, Wiktionary or Wikiquote in your browser's search results, it will show the modern Wikiwand interface.
Wikiwand extension is a five stars, simple, with minimum permission required to keep your browsing private, safe and transparent.