半开央不圆唇元音(open-mid central unrounded vowel、low-mid central unrounded vowel[1])是元音的一种,存在于一些语言当中。该元音的国际音标为⟨ɜ⟩,形如左右翻转的希腊字母“ε”。1993年以前该元音的国际音标记作⟨ɛ̈⟩。
Quick Facts 半开央不圆唇元音, ɜ ...
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More information 国际音标:元音, 闭 ...
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- 其圆唇度为不圆唇元音,嘴唇自然放松,不特别向前突起。
More information 语言, 词汇 ...
语言 |
词汇 |
国际音标 |
意义 |
注释
|
南非语 |
标准音 |
lig |
[lə̞χ] |
光 |
也被描述为中元音[ə],[3]一般记作⟨ə⟩。参见南非语音系
|
哥打巴托棉兰老语 |
[bätɜʔ] |
孩子 |
/a/在声门音前的同位异音;可记作⟨ʌ⟩。
|
荷兰语 |
grappig |
[ˈχɾɑpə̞χ] |
有趣 |
/ə/的可能实现。参见荷兰语音系
|
艾米利亚语
|
博洛尼亚方言
|
métter
|
[ˈmet̪ːɜr]
|
放
|
[来源请求]
|
英语 |
标准英音 |
bird |
[bɜːd] |
鸟 |
槽化 (舌头成槽如[ɹ])。"Upper Crust RP"使用者将其发作更开的[ɐː],但对于其他使用者它实际上是中元音([ɜ̝ː])。这个元音和有R音的方言的R色彩元音[ɝ]对应。
|
俄亥俄州 |
bud |
[bɜd] |
芽 |
美国英语中记作⟨ʌ⟩的一种实现,这是Midland或美国南部英语的特征。在整个国家这都不是标准的拼写。
|
得克萨斯州大部分
|
北威尔士英语 |
部分使用者。和其它威尔士方言/ə/或/ʌ/对应。
|
苏格兰英语 |
[bɜ̠d] |
有些后移;可能是更靠后的/ʌ/。
|
德语 |
开姆尼茨方言 |
passe |
[ˈb̥ɜsə] |
我经过 |
一般记作⟨a⟩。
|
多数使用者 |
herrlich |
[ˈhɜːlɪç] |
精彩 |
[ɛɐ̯]的一般交替。参见标准德语音系
|
豪萨语 |
[比如?] |
|
|
/a/可能的同位异音,可以和[ə]一样闭,或和[ä]一样开。
|
Jebero |
[ˈkɘnmɜʔ] |
土著 |
/a/在闭音节的同位异音。
|
Kaingang |
[ˈɾɜ] |
标记 |
自央元音[ɜ]到后元音[ʌ]变化。
|
Kalagan Kaagan |
[mɜˈt̪äs] |
高 |
/a/的同位异音;可记作⟨ʌ⟩。
|
Kallahan |
[比如?] |
|
|
Paicî |
rë |
[ɾɜ] |
他们(前缀) |
可以记作⟨ʌ⟩。
|
罗马尼亚语 |
标准音 |
măr |
[mə̞r] |
苹果 |
一般记作⟨ə⟩。参见罗马尼亚语音系
|
特兰西瓦尼亚变体 |
așa |
[aˈʂɜ] |
多么 |
和标准罗马尼亚语[ä]对应。参见罗马尼亚语音系
|
Sama |
Sibutu |
[ˈsäpɜw] |
屋顶 |
/a/的同位异音;可以记作⟨ʌ⟩。
|
信德语 |
|
[sə̞rə̞] |
葬礼 |
一般记作⟨ə⟩。
|
Temne |
pȧs |
[pɜ́s] |
酿 |
一般记作⟨ʌ⟩。
|
意第绪语 |
标准音 |
ענלעך |
[ˈɛnlɜχ] |
像 |
非重读元音。参见意第绪语音系
|
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While the International Phonetic Association prefers the terms "close" and "open" for vowel height, many linguists use "high" and "low".
Wissing (2016),section "The rounded and unrounded mid-central vowels".
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