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匙指虾科（学名：Atyidae）是十足目真虾下目的一个科，存在于全世界热带及大多数温带的淡水水域，只有极少量生存于海水中。匙指虾科是匙指虾总科（Atyoidea）之下唯一的一个科[1]。观赏水族市场之黑壳虾、玫瑰虾、大和藻虾、苏虾、水晶虾、蜜蜂虾皆属于此分类，但螯虾不是。
以下分类基本遵从De Grave et al. (2010)[1]，再加上其后的一些更新[2][3]。
- Antecaridina Edmondson, 1954
- Archaeatya Villalobos, 1959
- 匙指虾属 Atya Leach, 1816
- Atyaephyra de Brito Capello, 1867
- Atydina Cai, 2010
- Atyella Calman, 1906
- 类匙指虾属 Atyoida Randall, 1840
- 拟匙指虾属 Atyopsis Chace, 1983，又可称为仿匙虾属
- 木纹网球虾 Atyopsis moluccensis (De Haan, 1849)
- 附刺拟匙指虾 Atyopsis spinipes (Newport, 1847)
- 南匙指虾属 Australatya Chace, 1983
- Caridella Calman, 1906
- 米虾属 Caridina H. Milne-Edwards, 1837
- Caridinides Calman, 1926
- Caridinopsis Bouvier, 1912
- Delclosia Rabadà, 1993 †
- Dugastella Bouvier, 1912
- Edoneus Holthuis, 1978
- Gallocaris Sket & Zakšek, 2009
- Halocaridina Holthuis, 1963
- Halocaridinides Fujino & Shokita, 1975
- Jolivetya Cals, 1986
- Jonga (Atyidae) Jonga Hart, 1961
- Lancaris Cai & Bahir, 2005
- Limnocaridella Bouvier, 1913
- Limnocaridina Calman, 1899
- 缺鞭米虾属 Mancicaris Liang, Z. L. Guo & Tang, 1999
- Marosina Cai & Ng, 2005
- Micratya Bouvier, 1913
- Monsamnis Richard, De Grave & Clark, 2012
- 新米虾属 Neocaridina Kubo, 1938
- Palaemonias Hay, 1902
- 拟米虾属 Paracaridina Liang, Z. L. Guo & Tang, 1999
- Paratya Miers, 1882
- Parisia Holthuis, 1956
- Potimirim Holthuis, 1954
- Puteonator Gurney, 1987
- Pycneus Holthuis, 1986
- Pycnisia Bruce, 1992
- Sinodina
- Stygiocaris Holthuis, 1960
- Syncaris Holmes, 1900
- Troglocaris Dormitzer, 1853
- Typhlatya Creaser, 1936
- Typhlocaridina Liang & Yan, 1981
- Typhlopatsa Holthuis, 1956
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