脂鲤科（学名：Characidae，又译作拟鲤科、鲑鲤科、加拉辛科、加辛拉科），为辐鳍鱼纲脂鲤目中最大的一科。是主要为原产于美洲及非洲热带或亚热带的淡水鱼。[2]
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- 鳀形盗鲑鲤 Agoniates anchovia
- 海盗鲑鲤 Agoniates halecinus
- 阿氏细脂鲤 Aphyocharax agassizii
- 白细脂鲤 Aphyocharax alburnus
- 安氏细脂鲤 Aphyocharax anisitsi
- 委内瑞拉细脂鲤 Aphyocharax colifax
- 大牙细脂鲤 Aphyocharax dentatus
- 淡红细脂鲤 Aphyocharax erythrurus
- 细脂鲤 Aphyocharax gracilis
- 纳氏细脂鲤 Aphyocharax natterei
- 巴拉圭细脂鲤 Aphyocharax paraguayensis
- 柔弱细脂鲤 Aphyocharax pusillus
- 拉氏细脂鲤 Aphyocharax rathbuni
- 耶瓦细脂鲤 Aphyocharax yekwanae
- 克氏青脂鲤 Inpaichthys kerri
- 溪青脂鲤 Inpaichthys nambiquara 旧名：溪光尾裙鱼
- Inpaichthys parauapiranga
- 白副角脂鲤 Paragoniates alburnus
- 大鳞短腺脂鲤 Phenagoniates macrolepis
- 玻璃锯脂鳊 Prionobrama filigera ：又称玻璃红翅鱼。
- 巴拉圭锯鳊脂鲤 Prionobrama paraguayensis
- 厚头脂鲤 Rachoviscus crassiceps
- 细厚头脂鲤 Rachoviscus graciliceps
- 玻利维亚吸脂鲤 Aphyocharacidium bolivianum
- 苏里南吸溪脂鲤 Aphyocharacidium melandetum
- 美目小体石脂鲤 Microschemobrycon callops
- 南美小体石脂鲤 Microschemobrycon casiquiare
- 长小体石脂鲤 Microschemobrycon elongatus
- 盖氏小体石脂鲤 Microschemobrycon geisleri
- 巴西小体石脂鲤 Microschemobrycon guaporensis
- 黑背小体石脂鲤 Microschemobrycon melanotus
- 迈氏小体石脂鲤 Microschemobrycon meyburgi
- 背斑泰托啮脂鲤 Tyttobrycon dorsimaculatus
- 钩牙泰托啮脂鲤 Tyttobrycon hamatus
- Tyttobrycon shibattai Abrahão, Pastana & Marinho, 2019[4]
- 大刺泰托啮脂鲤 Tyttobrycon spinosus
- 兴氏泰托啮脂鲤 Tyttobrycon xeruini
- 唇啮脂鲤 Chilobrycon deuterodon
- 惠氏唇脂鲤 Henochilus wheatlandii
- 小鳞刺脂鲤 Acanthocharax microlepis
- 尖粘鲈 Acestrocephalus acutus
- 哥伦比亚粘鲈 Acestrocephalus anomalus
- 贝氏粘鲈 Acestrocephalus boehlkei
- 斑粘鲈 Acestrocephalus maculosus
- 黑纹粘鲈 Acestrocephalus nigrifasciatus
- 苍白粘鲈 Acestrocephalus pallidus
- 沙丁粘鲈 Acestrocephalus sardina
- 点斑粘鲈 Acestrocephalus stigmatus
- 阿普雷桂脂鲤 Charax apurensis
- Charax awa Guimarães, De Brito, Ferreira & Ottoni, 2018[5]
- 尾斑桂脂鲤 Charax caudimaculatus
- 康得氏桂脂鲤 Charax condei
- 驼背桂脂鲤 Charax gibbosus
- 半线桂脂鲤 Charax hemigrammus
- 莱氏桂脂鲤 Charax leticiae
- 大鳞桂脂鲤 Charax macrolepis
- 米塔桂脂鲤 Charax metae
- 迈克尔氏桂脂鲤 Charax michaeli
- 黑桂脂鲤 Charax niger
- 南美桂脂鲤 Charax notulatus
- 少辐桂脂鲤 Charax pauciradiatus
- 鲁氏桂脂鲤 Charax rupununi
- 窄鳍桂脂鲤 Charax stenopterus
- 猛桂脂鲤 Charax tectifer
- 单班桂脂鲤 Charax unimaculatus
- 格氏锈牙脂鲤 Roeboexodon geryi Myers, 1960
- 圭亚那锈牙脂鲤 Roeboexodon guyanensis (Puyo, 1948)
- 黑纹葡齿鱼 Acinocheirodon melanogramma Malabarba & Weitzman, 1999[6]
- 亚马逊棘脂鲤 Amazonspinther dalmata Bührnheim, Carvalho, Malabarba & Weitzman, 2008 [7]
- 半带吸宝莲鱼 Aphyocheirodon hemigrammus
- 吉氏宝莲鱼 Cheirodontops geayi
- 南美异唇齿鱼 Heterocheirodon jacuiensis
- 耶氏异唇齿鱼 Heterocheirodon yatai
- 菲氏似宝莲鱼 Kolpotocheirodon figueiredoi
- 巴西似宝莲鱼 Kolpotocheirodon theloura
- 乌拉圭傲脂鲤 Macropsobrycon uruguayanae
- 南美傲脂鲤 Macropsobrycon xinguensis
- 巴西焰脂鲤 Spintherobolus ankoseion
- 布氏焰脂鲤 Spintherobolus broccae
- 小尾焰脂鲤 Spintherobolus leptoura
- 乳突焰脂鲤 Spintherobolus papilliferus
- 拟鳀脂鲤 Clupeacharax anchoveoides Pearson, 1924[8]
- 双线匕啮鱼 Coptobrycon bilineatus (Ellis, 1911)，基异名：Hasemania bilineata Ellis, 1911
- 伯氏裸脂鲤 Gymnocharacinus bergii
- 尾斑慈脂鲤 Piabucus caudomaculatus
- 大齿慈脂鲤 Piabucus dentatus
- 黑口慈脂鲤 Piabucus melanostoma
- 艾氏头脂鲤 Carlana eigenmanni (Meek, 1912)，基异名：Cheirodon eigenmanni Meek, 1912
- 科斯塔氏线纹脂鲤 Nematocharax costai Bragança, Barbosa & Mattos, 2013[9]
- 维纳斯线纹脂鲤 Nematocharax venustus Weitzman, Menezes & Britski, 1986[10]
- 科氏短蜴脂鲤 Brachychalcinus copei
- 厄瓜多尔短蜴脂鲤 Brachychalcinus nummus
- 圭亚那短蜴脂鲤 Brachychalcinus orbicularis
- 巴西短蜴脂鲤 Brachychalcinus parnaibae
- Brachychalcinus reisi Garcia-Ayala, Ohara, Pastana & Benine, 2017[11]
- 后刺短蜴脂鲤 Brachychalcinus retrospina
- 邦氏裸顶脂鲤 Gymnocorymbus bondi
- 裸顶脂鲤 Gymnocorymbus ternetzi ：又称坦氏裸顶脂鲤。
- 塞氏裸顶脂鲤 Gymnocorymbus thayeri
- 巴西直棘脂鲤 Orthospinus franciscensis
- 刻痕锯胸脂鲤 Stethaprion crenatum
- 锯胸脂鲤 Stethaprion erythrops
- 列牙脂鲤 Stichonodon insignis
- 秘鲁奇脂鲤 Attonitus bounites
- 高贵奇脂鲤 Attonitus ephimeros
- 虹奇脂鲤 Attonitus irisae
- 埃氏啮齿脂鲤 Bryconacidnus ellisi
- 半带啮齿脂鲤 Bryconacidnus hemigrammus
- 秘鲁啮齿脂鲤 Bryconacidnus paipayensis
- 巴西啮牙脂鲤 Bryconadenos tanaothoros
- 韦氏啮牙脂鲤 Bryconadenos weitzmani
- 宾氏角鳃脂鲤 Ceratobranchia binghami
- 隐纹角鳃脂鲤 Ceratobranchia delotaenia
- 厄瓜多尔角鳃脂鲤 Ceratobranchia elatior
- 琼氏角鳃脂鲤 Ceratobranchia joanae
- 钝吻角鳃脂鲤 Ceratobranchia obtusirostris
- 阿来格蓝脂鲤 Cyanocharax alegretensis
- 河栖蓝脂鲤 Cyanocharax dicropotamicus
- 巴西蓝脂鲤 Cyanocharax itaimbe
- 碎鳞蓝脂鲤 Cyanocharax lepiclastus
- 秀美蓝脂鲤 Cyanocharax tipiaia
- 蓝色蓝脂鲤 Cyanocharax obi
- 乌拉圭蓝脂鲤 Cyanocharax uruguayensis
- 红鳍全脂鲤 Diapoma pyrrhopteryx
- 全脂鲤 Diapoma speculiferum
- 泰氏全脂鲤 Diapoma terofali
- 奇迹全脂鲤 Diapoma thauma
- 黑尾裙鱼 Gephyrocharax atracaudatus
- 高加裙鱼 Gephyrocharax caucanus
- 夏帕裙鱼 Gephyrocharax chaparae
- 乔科裙鱼 Gephyrocharax chocoensis
- 间裙鱼 Gephyrocharax intermedius
- 大裙鱼 Gephyrocharax major
- 苦裙鱼 Gephyrocharax martae
- 黑裙鱼 Gephyrocharax melanocheir
- 南美裙鱼 Gephyrocharax sinuensis
- 壮裙鱼 Gephyrocharax valencia
- 委内瑞拉裙鱼 Gephyrocharax venezuelae
- 惠氏裙鱼 Gephyrocharax whaleri
- 蓝身腺尾脂鲤 Glandulocauda caerulea
- 黑胸腺尾脂鲤 Glandulocauda melanopleura
- 巴西宫脂鲤 Hysteronotus megalostomus
- Lepidocharax burnsi
- Lepidocharax diamantina
- Monotocheirodon drilos Menezes, Weitzman & Quagio-Grassiotto, 2013
- Monotocheirodon duda Carvalho, Thomaz, Urbano-Bonilla & Prada-Pedreros, 2024[12]
- Monotocheirodon kontos Menezes, Weitzman & Quagio-Grassiotto, 2013
- 皮尔逊氏单宝莲鱼 Monotocheirodon pearsoni Eigenmann, 1924
- 单牙脂鲤 Odontostoechus lethostigmus
- 艾氏帆鳍脂鲤 Othonocheirodus eigenmanni
- 汉氏盗脂鲤 Phenacobrycon henni
- 飘然慈须鱼 Piabarchus analis
- 急流慈须鱼 Piabarchus torrenticola
- 布氏游脂鲤 Planaltina britskii
- 巴西游脂鲤 Planaltina glandipedis
- 迈氏游脂鲤 Planaltina myersi
- 嵴腹脂鲤 Pseudocorynopoma doriae
- 异嵴腹脂鲤 Pseudocorynopoma heterandria
- Pseudocorynopoma stanleyi Malabarba, Chuctaya, Hirschmann, Oliveira & Thomaz, 2020[13]
- 喜溪褶脂鲤 Ptychocharax rhyacophila
- 梅氏瘦吻脂鲤 Rhinopetitia myersi
- 河滩瘦吻脂鲤 (Rhinopetitia potamorhachia]]
- Tetragonopterus anostomus
- 阿瓜亚河大眼脂鲤 Tetragonopterus araguaiensis
- 银大眼脂鲤 Tetragonopterus argenteus Cuvier, 1816[14]
- 卡氏大眼脂鲤 Tetragonopterus carvalhoi
- 金大眼脂鲤 Tetragonopterus chalceus
- 小齿大眼脂鲤 Tetragonopterus denticulatus
- Tetragonopterus franciscoensis
- 乔氏大眼脂鲤 Tetragonopterus georgiae
- Tetragonopterus juruena
- Tetragonopterus kuluene
- Tetragonopterus ommatus
- 罕见大眼脂鲤 Tetragonopterus rarus
- Tetragonopterus signatus
- 斯氏颌脂鲤 Gnathocharax steindachneri
- 细纹异脂鲤 Heterocharax leptogrammus
- 大鳞异脂鲤 Heterocharax macrolepis
- 亚马逊异脂鲤 Heterocharax virgulatus
- 戈氏武脂鲤 Hoplocharax goethei
- 穆氏拟丽脂鲤 Astyanacinus moorii
- 多牙拟丽脂鲤 Astyanacinus multidens
- 普拉滕拟丽脂鲤 Astyanacinus platensis
- Astyanacinus yariguies
- 南美小啮脂鲤 Bryconella pallidifrons (Fowler, 1946)
- 阿氏栉啮鱼 Ctenobrycon alleni
- 秘鲁栉啮鱼 Ctenobrycon hauxwellianus
- 多辐栉啮鱼 Ctenobrycon multiradiatus
- Ctenobrycon oliverai
- 斑点栉啮鱼 Ctenobrycon spilurus
- 杏色咬啮鱼 Dectobrycon armeniacus
- 似鳀鲱脂鲤 Engraulisoma taeniatum
- 丽颊脂鲤 Genycharax tarpon Eigenmann, 1912[15]
- Erythrocharax altipinnis Netto-Ferreira, Birindelli, de Sousa, Mariguela & Oliveira, 2013[16]
- 小口寡石脂鲤 Oligobrycon microstomus
- 尖吻寡脂鲤 Oligosarcus acutirostris
- 银寡脂鲤 Oligosarcus argenteus
- 玻利维亚寡脂鲤 Oligosarcus bolivianus
- 短寡脂鲤 Oligosarcus brevioris
- 贪食寡脂鲤 Oligosarcus hepsetus
- 伊塔乌河寡脂鲤 Oligosarcus itau
- 杰卡河寡脂鲤 Oligosarcus jacuiensis
- 詹氏寡脂鲤 Oligosarcus jenynsii
- 长吻寡脂鲤 Oligosarcus longirostris
- 大鳞寡脂鲤 Oligosarcus macrolepis
- 米尼兹寡脂鲤 Oligosarcus menezesi
- 少鳞寡脂鲤 Oligosarcus oligolepis
- 巴那拉河寡脂鲤 Oligosarcus paranensis
- 巴西寡脂鲤 Oligosarcus perdido
- 平托氏寡脂鲤 Oligosarcus pintoi
- 南美寡脂鲤 Oligosarcus planaltinae
- 红寡脂鲤 Oligosarcus robustus
- 谢氏寡脂鲤 Oligosarcus schindleri
- 沼泽寡脂鲤 Oligosarcus solitarius
- 阿氏霓虹脂鲤 Paracheirodon axelrodi ：又称南美霓虹脂鲤、红莲灯。
- 霓虹脂鲤 Paracheirodon innesi ：又称英氏霓虹脂鲤、日光灯。
- 类霓虹脂鲤 Paracheirodon simulans ：又称绿莲灯。
- 碧背茎啮脂鲤 Phallobrycon adenacanthus
- Pristella ariporo Conde-Saldaña, Albornoz-Garzón, García-Melo, Villa-Navarro, Mirande & Lima, 2019[17]
- 大颚细锯脂鲤 Pristella maxillaris ：又称大颔细锯脂鲤。
- 奇口脂鲤 Probolodus heterostomus
- 大头裂脂鲤 Scissor macrocephalus
- 盲眼冥脂鲤 Stygichthys typhlops
- 南美𬶭脂鲤 Thrissobrycon pectinifer
- 南美啮齿鱼 Tucanoichthys tucano Géry & Römer, 1997[18]
- Cyanogaster noctivaga Mattox, Britz, Toledo-Piza & Marinho, 2013[19]
- Phycocharax rasbora Ohara, Mirande & Lima, 2017[21]
Vitor Pimenta Abrahão, Murilo Pastana and Manoela Marinho. 2019. On A Remarkable Sexual Dimorphic Trait in the Characiformes related to the Olfactory Organ and Description of A New Miniature Species of Tyttobrycon Géry (Characiformes: Characidae). PLoS ONE. 14(12): e0226130. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226130
Erick Cristofore Guimarães, Pâmella Silva De Brito, Beldo Rywllon Abreu Ferreira and Felipe Polivanov Ottoni. 2018. A New Species of Charax (Ostariophysi, Characiformes, Characidae) from northeastern Brazil. Zoosystematics and Evolution. 94(1): 83-93. DOI: 10.3897/zse.94.22106
Malabarba, L.R.; Weitzman, S.H. (1999). A new genus and species of South American fishes (Teleostei: Characidae: Cheirodontinae) with a derived caudal fin, including comments about inseminating cheirodontines. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 112: 410-431.
Cristina M. Bührnheim, Tiago P. Carvalho, Luiz R. Malabarba and Stanley H. Weitzman. 2008. A New Genus and Species of Characid Fish from the Amazon Basin - the Recognition of A Relictual Lineage of Characid Fishes (Ostariophysi: Cheirodontinae: Cheirodontini). Neotrop. ichthyol. 6(4); DOI: 10.1590/S1679-62252008000400016
Pearson, N. E. (1924). The fishes of the eastern slope of the Andes. I. The fishes of the Rio Beni basin, Bolivia, collected by the Mulford expedition. Indiana University Studies. v. 11 (no. 64): 1-83, Pls. 1-12.
Bragança, P.H.N.d., Barbosa, M.A. & Mattos, J.L. 2013. A New Nematocharax Species from the middle Contas River basin, Northeastern Brazil (Characiformes: Characidae). Vertebrate Zoology. 63 (1): 3-8.
Weitzman, S. H.; Menezes, N. A.; Britski, H. A. (1986). Nematocharax venustus, a new genus and species of fish from the Rio Jequitinhonha, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 99 (2): 335-346.
James R. Garcia-Ayala, Willian M. Ohara, Murilo N. L. Pastana and Ricardo C. Benine. 2017. A New Species of Brachychalcinus (Characiformes: Characidae) from the rio Xingu basin, Serra do Cachimbo, Brazil. Zootaxa. 4362(4); 564–574. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4362.4.5
Tiago P. Carvalho, Andréa Tonolli Thomaz, Alexander Urbano-Bonilla and Saúl Prada-Pedreros. 2024. A New characid Species with remarkable sexual dimorphism (Characiformes: Characidae: Stevardiinae) from the upper Guayabero River, Orinoco basin, Colombia. Journal of Fish Biology. DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15738
Luiz R. Malabarba, Junior Chuctaya, Alice Hirschmann, Eduardo Bitencourt de Oliveira and Andréa T. Thomaz. 2020. Hidden or unnoticed? Multiple Lines of Evidence Support the Recognition of A New Species of Pseudocorynopoma (Characidae: Corynopomini). Journal of Fish Biology. DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14572
Silva, Gabriel S. C., Bruno F. Melo, Claudio Oliveira and Ricardo C. Benine. 2016. Revision of the South American Genus Tetragonopterus Cuvier, 1816 (Teleostei: Characidae) with Description of Four New Species. Zootaxa. 4200(1); 1–46. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4200.1.1
Eigenmann, C. H. (1912). Some results from an ichthyological reconnaissance of Colombia, South America. Part I. (Contrib. Zool. Lab. Ind. Univ. No. 127.). Indiana University Studies. No. 16 [sic No. 8]: 1-27.
Netto-Ferreira, A.L., Birindelli, J.L.O., de Sousa, L.M., Mariguela, T.C. & Oliveira, C. 2013. A New Miniature Characid (Ostariophysi: Characiformes: Characidae), with Phylogenetic Position Inferred from Morphological and Molecular Data. PLoS ONE
Cristhian C. Conde-Saldaña, Juan G. Albornoz-Garzón, Jorge E. García-Melo, Francisco A. Villa-Navarro, J. Marcos Mirande and Flávio C. T. Lima. 2019. A New Pristella (Characiformes: Characidae) from the Río Orinoco Basin, Colombia, with A Redefinition of the Genus. Copeia. 107(3); 439-446. DOI: 10.1643/CI-18-147
George M. T. Mattox and Kevin W. Conway. 2021. Osteology of Tucanoichthys tucano Géry and Römer, An Enigmatic Miniature Fish from the Amazon Basin, Brazil (Teleostei: Characiformes: Characidae). Vertebrate Zoology. 71: 645-667. DOI: 10.3897/vz.71.e71886
Mattox, G.M.T., Britz, R., Toledo-Piza, M. & Marinho, M.M.F. 2013. Cyanogaster noctivaga, a remarkable new genus and species of miniature fish from the Rio Negro, Amazon basin (Ostariophysi: Characidae). Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters. 23(4), 297-318.
Richard P. Vari, Bruno F. Melo and Claudio Oliveira. 2016. Protocheirodon, A New Genus of Characidae (Teleostei: Characiformes) with the Redescription of the Poorly Known Protocheirodon pi. Neotrop. ichthyol. 14(2); DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20150154
Willian Massaharu Ohara, Juan Marcos Mirande and Flávio Cesar Thadeo de Lima. 2017. Phycocharax rasbora, A New Genus and Species of Brazilian Tetra (Characiformes: Characidae) from Serra do Cachimbo, rio Tapajós Basin. PLoS Biology. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170648
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