促甲状腺激素受体

提示：此条目页的主题不是促甲状腺激素释放激素或促甲状腺激素释放激素受体。

促甲状腺激素受体（英语：thyrotropin receptor，TSH receptor，TSHR）又称甲促素受体，是一种接受促甲状腺激素（甲促素，thyrotropin）信号，刺激细胞生成甲状腺激素（T4）和三碘甲状腺激素（T3）的跨膜受体。TSHR是整合膜蛋白中G蛋白偶联受体超家族的一员^[1]，与G_s蛋白偶合^[2]。

Thyroid stimulating hormone receptor 促甲状腺激素受体
Rendering based on PDB 1XUM.
有效结构 PDB 直系同源检索：PDBe, RCSB PDB查询代码列表 2XWT, 3G04
标识
代号	TSHR; CHNG1; LGR3; hTSHR-I
扩展标识	遗传学：603372 鼠基因：98849 同源基因：315 IUPHAR:  TSH ChEMBL: 1963 GeneCards: TSHR Gene
基因本体论描述 分子功能 · thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor activity · protein binding 细胞成分 · plasma membrane · integral to plasma membrane 生物过程 · G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway · G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger · cell-cell signaling · positive regulation of cell proliferation Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA表达模式
更多表达数据
直系同源体
物种	人类	小鼠
Entrez	7253	22095
Ensembl	ENSG00000165409	ENSMUSG00000020963
UniProt	P16473	P47750
mRNA序列	NM_000369	NM_001113404
蛋白序列	NP_000360	NP_001106875
基因位置	Chr 14: 81.42 – 81.61 Mb	Chr 12: 91.4 – 91.54 Mb
PubMed查询	[1]	[2]
查 论 编

该受体主要出现在甲状腺上皮细胞（英语：thyroid epithelial cell）的表面。

功能

在结合血循的TSH后，G蛋白信号级联反应会激活腺苷酸环化酶（adenylyl cyclase）进而使胞内环腺苷酸（cAMP）浓度升高。环腺苷酸可活化甲状腺细胞各功能层面，包括：碘泵运，甲状腺球蛋白的合成、碘化、胞吞和蛋白酶解，甲状腺过氧化物酶活性，以及甲状腺激素释放。

另见

• 弥漫性毒性甲状腺肿

参考文献

1. Farid NR, Szkudlinski MW. Minireview: structural and functional evolution of the thyrotropin receptor. Endocrinology. 2004, 145 (9): 4048–57. PMID 15231707. doi:10.1210/en.2004-0437.
2. Calebiro D, Nikolaev VO, Lohse MJ. Imaging of persistent cAMP signaling by internalized G protein-coupled receptors. J. Mol. Endocrinol. July 2010, 45 (1): 1–8. PMID 20378719. doi:10.1677/JME-10-0014.

延伸阅读

• Führer D, Wonerow P, Willgerodt H, Paschke R. Identification of a new thyrotropin receptor germline mutation (Leu629Phe) in a family with neonatal onset of autosomal dominant nonautoimmune hyperthyroidism.. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 1998, 82 (12): 4234–8. PMID 9398746. doi:10.1210/jc.82.12.4234.
• Farid NR, Kascur V, Balazs C. The human thyrotropin receptor is highly mutable: a review of gain-of-function mutations.. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 2000, 143 (1): 25–30. PMID 10870027. doi:10.1530/eje.0.1430025.
• Szkudlinski MW, Fremont V, Ronin C, Weintraub BD. Thyroid-stimulating hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor structure-function relationships.. Physiol. Rev. 2002, 82 (2): 473–502. PMID 11917095. doi:10.1152/physrev.00031.2001.
• Tonacchera M, Vitti P, De Servi M; et al. Gain of function TSH receptor mutations and iodine deficiency: implications in iodine prophylaxis.. J. Endocrinol. Invest. 2004, 26 (2 Suppl): 2–6. PMID 12762632. 引文格式1维护：显式使用等标签 (link)
• Arturi F, Scarpelli D, Coco A; et al. Thyrotropin receptor mutations and thyroid hyperfunctioning adenomas ten years after their first discovery: unresolved questions.. Thyroid. 2004, 13 (4): 341–3. PMID 12804102. doi:10.1089/105072503321669811. 引文格式1维护：显式使用等标签 (link)
• Vaidya B, Campbell V, Tripp JH; et al. Premature birth and low birth weight associated with nonautoimmune hyperthyroidism due to an activating thyrotropin receptor gene mutation.. Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf). 2004, 60 (6): 711–8. PMID 15163335. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2004.02040.x. 引文格式1维护：显式使用等标签 (link)
• Takeshita A, Nagayama Y, Fujiyama K; et al. Molecular cloning and sequencing of an alternatively spliced form of the human thyrotropin receptor transcript.. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1992, 188 (3): 1214–9. PMID 1445355. doi:10.1016/0006-291X(92)91360-3. 引文格式1维护：显式使用等标签 (link)
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• Loosfelt H, Pichon C, Jolivet A; et al. Two-subunit structure of the human thyrotropin receptor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1992, 89 (9): 3765–9. PMC 525571 . PMID 1570295. doi:10.1073/pnas.89.9.3765. 引文格式1维护：显式使用等标签 (link)
• Nagayama Y, Russo D, Wadsworth HL; et al. Eleven amino acids (Lys-201 to Lys-211) and 9 amino acids (Gly-222 to Leu-230) in the human thyrotropin receptor are involved in ligand binding. J. Biol. Chem. 1991, 266 (23): 14926–30. PMID 1651314. 引文格式1维护：显式使用等标签 (link)
• Murakami M, Mori M. Identification of immunogenic regions in human thyrotropin receptor for immunoglobulin G of patients with Graves' disease. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1990, 171 (1): 512–8. PMID 1697467. doi:10.1016/0006-291X(90)91423-P.
• Heldin NE, Gustavsson B, Westermark K, Westermark B. A somatic point mutation in a putative ligand binding domain of the TSH receptor in a patient with autoimmune hyperthyroidism. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 1992, 73 (6): 1374–6. PMID 1955520. doi:10.1210/jcem-73-6-1374.
• Libert F, Passage E, Lefort A; et al. Localization of human thyrotropin receptor gene to chromosome region 14q3 by in situ hybridization. Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 1991, 54 (1–2): 82–3. PMID 2249482. doi:10.1159/000132964. 引文格式1维护：显式使用等标签 (link)
• Frazier AL, Robbins LS, Stork PJ; et al. Isolation of TSH and LH/CG receptor cDNAs from human thyroid: regulation by tissue specific splicing. Mol. Endocrinol. 1991, 4 (8): 1264–76. PMID 2293030. doi:10.1210/mend-4-8-1264. 引文格式1维护：显式使用等标签 (link)
• Misrahi M, Loosfelt H, Atger M; et al. Cloning, sequencing and expression of human TSH receptor. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1990, 166 (1): 394–403. PMID 2302212. doi:10.1016/0006-291X(90)91958-U. 引文格式1维护：显式使用等标签 (link)
• Nagayama Y, Kaufman KD, Seto P, Rapoport B. Molecular cloning, sequence and functional expression of the cDNA for the human thyrotropin receptor. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1990, 165 (3): 1184–90. PMID 2558651. doi:10.1016/0006-291X(89)92727-7.
• Libert F, Lefort A, Gerard C; et al. Cloning, sequencing and expression of the human thyrotropin (TSH) receptor: evidence for binding of autoantibodies. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1990, 165 (3): 1250–5. PMID 2610690. doi:10.1016/0006-291X(89)92736-8. 引文格式1维护：显式使用等标签 (link)
• Cuddihy RM, Bryant WP, Bahn RS. Normal function in vivo of a homozygotic polymorphism in the human thyrotropin receptor. Thyroid. 1996, 5 (4): 255–7. PMID 7488864. doi:10.1089/thy.1995.5.255.
• Bahn RS, Dutton CM, Heufelder AE, Sarkar G. A genomic point mutation in the extracellular domain of the thyrotropin receptor in patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 1994, 78 (2): 256–60. PMID 7508946. doi:10.1210/jc.78.2.256.
• Sunthornthepvarakui T, Gottschalk ME, Hayashi Y, Refetoff S. Brief report: resistance to thyrotropin caused by mutations in the thyrotropin-receptor gene. N. Engl. J. Med. 1995, 332 (3): 155–60. PMID 7528344. doi:10.1056/NEJM199501193320305.

外部链接

• Glycoprotein Hormone Receptors: TSH. IUPHAR Database of Receptors and Ion Channels. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. （原始内容存档于2013-11-01）.
• 医学主题词表（MeSH）：Thyrotropin+Receptors
• GRIS: Glycoprotein-hormone Receptor Information System