心灵感应

心灵感应（telepathy）意为“远距（tele-）感应（-pathy）”，是指不借助任何感官或物理途径，将讯息传递给另一个人的现象或能力；在报导中，这些讯息往往被描述为和普通感官接收的讯息相同。该词由F. W. H. 梅耶尔（英语：Frederic William Henry Myers）1882年所创^[1]，又译作心电感应。在中华文化中称所属神通为他心通或心有灵犀。

一个经典的心灵感应事例是中国元代著名典籍《二十四孝》中的“啮指痛心”，其中写道：孔子的弟子曾参入山打柴，家里来了客人，母亲不知所措，就用牙咬自己的手指。曾参忽然觉得心疼，背起柴迅速返回家中，跪问缘故。母亲说：“有客人忽然到来，我咬手指让你知道。”曾子很孝顺，因此对母亲痛苦有着很强的感知力。后人也以诗颂之：“母指方才啮，儿心痛不禁。负薪归未晚，骨肉至情深。”

关于如何探测、了解和使用心灵感应已有很多研究，譬如甘兹菲尔德实验（英语：Ganzfeld_experiment），但由于无法通过科学性的重复检验，科学界一般认为心灵感应不是真实的现象。^[2]^[3]^[4]而且，此现象的各种解释都无法与现今科学衔接，所以心灵感应目前属于“玄学”领域，不能称为“心灵感应理论”。

但由于人类时常观察到所谓“奇异的交流”和类似现象，当代在研究历史、虚构作品或信仰时，常用心灵感应或类似观念作解释。

有些人往往把心灵感应和预知、透视、同理心等几个类似的玄学现象连在一起。一些宗教概念也认为心灵感应是连接心中自性的重要成分。

越南语称之为“神交隔感”（thần giao cách cảm），日语则用“以心伝心”或者直译英文“テレパシー”。

引用

[1]
Hamilton, Trevor. Immortal Longings: F.W.H. Myers and the Victorian search for life after death. Imprint Academic. 2009: 121. ISBN 978-1-84540-248-8.
[2]
Jan Dalkvist. Telepathic group communication of emotions as a function of belief in telepathy. Dept. of Psychology, Stockholm University. 1994 [5 October 2011]. （原始内容存档于2020-08-13）. Within the scientific community however, the claim that psi anomalies exist or may exist is in general regarded with skepticism. One reason for this difference between the scientist and the non scientist is that the former relies on on his own experiences and anecdotal reports of psi phenomena, whereas the scientist at least officially requires replicable results from well controlled experiments to believe in such phenomena - results which according to the prevailing view among scientists, do not exist.
[3]
Willem B. Drees. Religion, Science and Naturalism. Cambridge University Press. 28 November 1998: 242– [5 October 2011]. ISBN 978-0-521-64562-1. （原始内容存档于2020-07-30）. Let me take the example of claims in parapsychology regarding telepathy across spatial or temporal distances, apparently without a mediating physical process. Such claims are at odds with the scientific consensus.
[4]
美科学家发现“心灵感应”背后机制. 中国科学报. 2016-04-20 [2017-11-17]. （原始内容存档于2017-11-17）.

参见

读心术一词有其他含义，不宜与此混淆
微波听觉效应
Subvocal recognition（英语：Subvocal recognition）
齐讷卡片
超心理学
动物传心

[hamilton121-1] [1]
Hamilton, Trevor. Immortal Longings: F.W.H. Myers and the Victorian search for life after death. Imprint Academic. 2009: 121. ISBN 978-1-84540-248-8.

[Dalkvist1994-2] [2]
Jan Dalkvist. Telepathic group communication of emotions as a function of belief in telepathy. Dept. of Psychology, Stockholm University. 1994 [5 October 2011]. （原始内容存档于2020-08-13）. Within the scientific community however, the claim that psi anomalies exist or may exist is in general regarded with skepticism. One reason for this difference between the scientist and the non scientist is that the former relies on on his own experiences and anecdotal reports of psi phenomena, whereas the scientist at least officially requires replicable results from well controlled experiments to believe in such phenomena - results which according to the prevailing view among scientists, do not exist.

[Drees1998-3] [3]
Willem B. Drees. Religion, Science and Naturalism. Cambridge University Press. 28 November 1998: 242– [5 October 2011]. ISBN 978-0-521-64562-1. （原始内容存档于2020-07-30）. Let me take the example of claims in parapsychology regarding telepathy across spatial or temporal distances, apparently without a mediating physical process. Such claims are at odds with the scientific consensus.

[4] [4]
美科学家发现“心灵感应”背后机制. 中国科学报. 2016-04-20 [2017-11-17]. （原始内容存档于2017-11-17）.

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