二氟化银

二氟化银
	IUPAC名; silver(II) fluoride
别名	氟化银(II); 氟化高银
识别
CAS号	7783-95-1
PubChem	82221
ChemSpider	10802085
SMILES	[Ag+2].[F-].[F-];
InChI	1/Ag.2FH/h;2*1H/q+2;;/p-2;
InChIKey	KWVVTSALYXIJSS-NUQVWONBAP
EINECS	232-037-5
性质
化学式	AgF2
摩尔质量	145.865 g·mol⁻¹
外观	黑蓝色晶体粉末
密度	4.58 g/cm3
熔点	690 °C (963 K)
沸点	700 °C 分解
溶解性（水）	剧烈反应
结构
晶体结构	正交
分子构型	直线型
危险性
MSDS	MSDS
主要危害	有毒、与水剧烈反应、氧化剂
相关物质
相关化学品	氟化银、氟化二银; 氧化银、一氧化银
	若非注明，所有数据均出自标准状态（25 ℃，100 kPa）下。

二氟化银（化学式：Ag F₂），IUPAC名称氟化银(II)，是少见的银 (II)化合物之一。二氟化银是无色或白色结晶粉末，对光敏感，有杂质氧化银和氟化银存在时呈棕色或黄色。它是强氟化剂，需保存在特富龙材料或石英管中。

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AgF₂主要用于实验室用途，可由Ag₂O、AgF或AgCl与氟气反应制备。^[2]^[3]

大多数二氟化银的F/Ag摩尔比都小于2，一般为1.75，含有碳、银及银的氧化物杂质。^[4]

以前有人曾认为二氟化银中银不是+2氧化态，而是Ag^I和Ag^III的混合价态化合物（Ag^I[Ag^IIIF₄]），与一氧化银类似。但Ag(II)的存在已被中子衍射证实。高温时存在Ag^I[Ag^IIIF₄]结构，但该结构不稳定，会转化为AgF₂。^[5]

二氟化银基态与第一激发态间的能量为59kJ/mol。它具顺磁性，-110°C以下呈现铁磁性，气态时为D_∞h对称群。

二氟化银与水剧烈反应，并生成臭氧：

{\rm {\ 6AgF_{2}+3H_{2}O\rightarrow 6AgF+6HF+O_{3}\uparrow }}

二氟化银与稀硫酸加热，

{\rm {\ 4AgF_{2}+2H_{2}SO_{4}+2H_{2}O{\xrightarrow {\triangle }}2Ag_{2}SO_{4}+8HF+O_{2}\uparrow }}

AgF₂用作强氧化剂和氟化剂。一些反应如：

合成全氟化合物，^[6]途径有：

${\rm {\ CR_{3}H+2AgF_{2}\rightarrow CR_{3}F+HF+2AgF}}$
${\rm {\ CR_{3}X+2AgF_{2}\rightarrow CR_{3}F+X_{2}+2AgF}}$
${\rm {\ R_{2}C=CR_{2}+2AgF_{2}\rightarrow R_{2}CFCFR_{2}+2AgF}}$

R为有机基团，X为卤素原子。用于此用途的高价氟化物还有CoF₃、MnF₃、CeF₄和PbF₄。

可与芳香化合物很快发生氟化反应，但较难控制在一氟代物：^[7]

C₆H₆ + 2AgF₂ → C₆H₅F + 2AgF + HF

合成氙的氟化物。^[8]反应具爆炸性，于无水氟化氢溶液中反应得到二氟化氙。

氧化一氧化碳为碳酰氟。

AgF
2是极强的氧化剂，和水剧烈反应，^[9]和稀酸反应生成臭氧，和碘化物反应生成碘，^[9]^[10]和乙炔反应还会生成爆炸性的乙炔银。^[11]它对光敏感，^[9]非常容易潮解且有腐蚀性。它和过氧化氢剧烈反应，放出氧气。^[11]

[1]
Pierre Villars; Karin Cenzual; Roman Gladyshevskii. Handbook. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. 24 July 2017. ISBN 978-3-11-043655-6.
[2]
Priest, H. F. “Anhydrous Metal Fluorides” Inorganic Syntheses McGraw-Hill: New York, 1950; Vol. 3, pages 171-183.
[3]
Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. Kirk-Othermer. Vol.11, 4th Ed. (1991)
[4]
J.T. Wolan, G.B. Hoflund. "Surface Characterization Study of AgF and AgF₂ Powders Using XPS and ISS," Applied Surface Science. 125, (1998).
[5]
Hans-Christian Miller, Axel Schultz, and Magdolna Hargittai. "Structure and Bonding in Silver Halides: A Quantum...X=F, Cl, Br, I," Journal of the American Chemical Society 127(22), (2005).
[6]
Rausch, D.; Davis, r.; Osborne, D. W. "The Addition of Fluorine to Halogenated Olefins by Means of Metal Fluorides," Journal of Organic Chemistry volume 28, pp. 494-497, Jul. (1962).
[7]
Zweig, A.; Fischer, R. G.; Lancaster, J. "New Methods for Selective Monofluorination of Aromatics Using Silver Difluoride," Journal of Organic Chemistry volume 45, (1980).
[8]
Levec, J.; Slivnik, J.; Zemva, B. "On the Reaction Between Xenon and Fluorine," Journal of Inorganic Nuclear Chemistry Volume 36, (1974).
[9]
Dale L. Perry; Sidney L. Phillips. Handbook of inorganic compounds. CRC Press. 1995: 352. ISBN 0-8493-8671-3.
[10]
W. L. F. Armarego; Christina Li Lin Chai. Purification of Laboratory Chemicals 6th. Butterworth-Heinemann. 2009: 490. ISBN 978-1-85617-567-8.
[11]
Richard P. Pohanish; Stanley A. Greene. Wiley Guide to Chemical Incompatibilities 3rd. John Wiley and Sons. 2009: 93. ISBN 978-0-470-38763-4.

氟化物资料（英文）
WebElements—AgF₂（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）（英文）
二氟化银 Archive.is的存档，存档日期2013-04-25—化工引擎

[1] [1]
Pierre Villars; Karin Cenzual; Roman Gladyshevskii. Handbook. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. 24 July 2017. ISBN 978-3-11-043655-6.

[2] [2]
Priest, H. F. “Anhydrous Metal Fluorides” Inorganic Syntheses McGraw-Hill: New York, 1950; Vol. 3, pages 171-183.

[3] [3]
Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. Kirk-Othermer. Vol.11, 4th Ed. (1991)

[4] [4]
J.T. Wolan, G.B. Hoflund. "Surface Characterization Study of AgF and AgF₂ Powders Using XPS and ISS," Applied Surface Science. 125, (1998).

[5] [5]
Hans-Christian Miller, Axel Schultz, and Magdolna Hargittai. "Structure and Bonding in Silver Halides: A Quantum...X=F, Cl, Br, I," Journal of the American Chemical Society 127(22), (2005).

[6] [6]
Rausch, D.; Davis, r.; Osborne, D. W. "The Addition of Fluorine to Halogenated Olefins by Means of Metal Fluorides," Journal of Organic Chemistry volume 28, pp. 494-497, Jul. (1962).

[7] [7]
Zweig, A.; Fischer, R. G.; Lancaster, J. "New Methods for Selective Monofluorination of Aromatics Using Silver Difluoride," Journal of Organic Chemistry volume 45, (1980).

[8] [8]
Levec, J.; Slivnik, J.; Zemva, B. "On the Reaction Between Xenon and Fluorine," Journal of Inorganic Nuclear Chemistry Volume 36, (1974).

[perry-9] [9]
Dale L. Perry; Sidney L. Phillips. Handbook of inorganic compounds. CRC Press. 1995: 352. ISBN 0-8493-8671-3.

[armarego-10] [10]
W. L. F. Armarego; Christina Li Lin Chai. Purification of Laboratory Chemicals 6th. Butterworth-Heinemann. 2009: 490. ISBN 978-1-85617-567-8.

[pohanish-11] [11]
Richard P. Pohanish; Stanley A. Greene. Wiley Guide to Chemical Incompatibilities 3rd. John Wiley and Sons. 2009: 93. ISBN 978-0-470-38763-4.

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二氟化银

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