CD59

CD59，亦称为“膜攻击复合物（MAC）抑制蛋白”（MAC-inhibitory protein, MAC-IP）、“膜反应性溶血抑制物”（membrane inhibitor of reactive lysis, MIRL）、“膜攻击复合物抑制因子”（membrane attack complex inhibitory factor, MACIF）或保护素（protectin）^[6]，在人体内是一种由CD59基因编码的糖蛋白，属于分化簇（Cluster of Differntiation, CD）的一种^[7]。CD59属于LY6（英语：LY6）/uPAR（英语：Urokinase receptor）/α-神经毒素（英语：alpha-neurotoxin）蛋白家族^[8]。 CD59通过糖化肌醇磷脂（英语：glycophosphatidylinositol）（GPI）基团锚定在细胞膜上。当补体系统激活并已产生C5b（英语：C5b）678复合物时，CD59会阻止补体成分C9聚集到上述复合体上，从而阻止膜攻击复合物（MAC）的形成^[9]。同时，细胞也会收到信号，通过胞吞作用摄入CD59-CD9复合物^[8]。

CD59
已知的结构 PDB 直系同源搜索: PDBe RCSB PDBID列表 1CDQ、​1CDR、​1CDS、​1ERG、​1ERH、​2J8B、​2OFS、​2UWR、​2UX2、​4BIK
识别号
别名	CD59；, 16.3A5, 1F5, EJ16, EJ30, EL32, G344, HRF-20, HRF20, MAC-IP, MACIF, MEM43, MIC11, MIN1, MIN2, MIN3, MIRL, MSK21, p18-20, CD59 molecule, CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)
外部ID	OMIM：107271 MGI：1888996 HomoloGene：56386 GeneCards：CD59
相关疾病
primary CD59 deficiency[1]
基因位置（人类） 染色体 11号染色体[2] 基因座 11p13 起始 33,703,010 bp[2] 终止 33,736,479 bp[2]
基因位置（小鼠） 染色体 小鼠2号染色体[3] 基因座 2|2 E2 起始 103,900,194 bp[3] 终止 103,921,532 bp[3]
RNA表达模式
查阅更多表达数据
基因本体 分子功能 • 血浆蛋白结合 • complement binding 细胞组分 • 囊泡 • endoplasmic reticulum membrane • 膜 • 粘着斑 • Golgi membrane • 细胞膜 • 细胞外区域 • cell surface • compact myelin • anchored component of external side of plasma membrane • ER to Golgi transport vesicle membrane • anchored component of membrane • 肌膜 • 外排体 • endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane • 细胞外空间 • specific granule membrane • tertiary granule membrane • transport vesicle 生物学过程 • 凝血 • negative regulation of apoptotic process • negative regulation of activation of membrane attack complex • endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport • cell surface receptor signaling pathway • COPII vesicle coating • positive regulation of T cell proliferation • regulation of complement activation • cell activation • neutrophil degranulation • regulation of complement-dependent cytotoxicity Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
直系同源
物种	人类	小鼠
Entrez	966	333883
Ensembl	ENSG00000085063	ENSMUSG00000068686
UniProt	P13987 Q6FHM9	P58019
mRNA​序列	NM_203331 ​NM_000611 ​NM_001127223 ​NM_001127225 ​NM_001127226 ​NM_001127227 ​NM_203329 ​NM_203330	NM_181858 ​NM_001368215
蛋白序列	NP_000602 ​NP_001120695 ​NP_001120697 ​NP_001120698 ​NP_001120699 ​NP_976074 ​NP_976075 ​NP_976076 NP_000602.1 ​NP_001120695.1 ​NP_001120697.1 ​NP_001120698.1 ​NP_001120699.1 ​NP_976074.1 ​NP_976075.1 ​NP_976076.1	NP_862906 ​NP_001355144
基因位置​（UCSC）	Chr 11: 33.7 – 33.74 Mb	Chr 2: 103.9 – 103.92 Mb
PubMed​查找	[4]	[5]
维基数据
查看/编辑人类 查看/编辑小鼠

能影响GPI基团的突变会引起红细胞膜上的CD59分子和衰变加速因子（CD55）数量减少，可引发阵发性夜间血红素尿症^[10]。

部分病毒，例如HIV、巨细胞病毒、牛痘病毒能够通过将宿主细胞的CD59整合到自己的包膜上来逃避补体系统的攻击^[11]。

参见

• 分子与细胞生物学主题

• 膜攻击复合物
• 衰变加速因子

参考

1. 與CD59相關的疾病；在維基數據上查看/編輯參考.
2. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000085063 - Ensembl, May 2017
3. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000068686 - Ensembl, May 2017
4. Human PubMed Reference:. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. Mouse PubMed Reference:. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
6. Cd59糖蛋白的应用. [2018-05-19]. （原始内容存档于2019-02-15）.
7. Entrez Gene: CD59 molecule, complement regulatory protein.
8. Maio M, Brasoveanu LI, Coral S, Sigalotti L, Lamaj E, Gasparollo A, Visintin A, Altomonte M, Fonsatti E. Structure, distribution, and functional role of protectin (CD59) in complement-susceptibility and in immunotherapy of human malignancies (Review). international journal of oncology. Aug 1998, 13 (2): 305–18. PMID 9664126. doi:10.3892/ijo.13.2.305.
9. Huang Y, Qiao F, Abagyan R, Hazard S, Tomlinson S. Defining the CD59-C9 binding interaction. J. Biol. Chem. September 2006, 281 (37): 27398–27404. PMID 16844690. doi:10.1074/jbc.M603690200.
10. Parker C, Omine M, Richards S, et al. Diagnosis and management of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. Blood. 2005, 106 (12): 3699–709 [2018-04-27]. PMC 1895106 . PMID 16051736. doi:10.1182/blood-2005-04-1717. （原始内容存档于2009-09-18）.
11. Bohana-Kashtan O, Ziporen L, Donin N, Kraus S, Fishelson Z. Cell signals transduced by complement. Mol. Immunol. July 2004, 41 (6–7): 583–597. PMID 15219997. doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2004.04.007.

拓展阅读

• Tandon N, Morgan BP, Weetman AP. Expression and function of membrane attack complex inhibitory proteins on thyroid follicular cells. Immunology. 1992, 75 (2): 372–7. PMC 1384722 . PMID 1372592.
• Holmes CH, Simpson KL, Okada H, et al. Complement regulatory proteins at the feto-maternal interface during human placental development: distribution of CD59 by comparison with membrane cofactor protein (CD46) and decay accelerating factor (CD55). Eur. J. Immunol. 1992, 22 (6): 1579–1585. PMID 1376264. doi:10.1002/eji.1830220635.
• Hahn WC, Menu E, Bothwell AL, et al. Overlapping but nonidentical binding sites on CD2 for CD58 and a second ligand CD59. Science. 1992, 256 (5065): 1805–1807. PMID 1377404. doi:10.1126/science.1377404.
• Ninomiya H, Sims PJ. The human complement regulatory protein CD59 binds to the alpha-chain of C8 and to the "b"domain of C9. J. Biol. Chem. 1992, 267 (19): 13675–80. PMID 1377690.
• Petranka JG, Fleenor DE, Sykes K, et al. Structure of the CD59-encoding gene: further evidence of a relationship to murine lymphocyte antigen Ly-6 protein. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1992, 89 (17): 7876–7879. PMC 49817 . PMID 1381503. doi:10.1073/pnas.89.17.7876.
• Motoyama N, Okada N, Yamashina M, Okada H. Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria due to hereditary nucleotide deletion in the HRF20 (CD59) gene. Eur. J. Immunol. 1992, 22 (10): 2669–2673. PMID 1382994. doi:10.1002/eji.1830221029.
• Rooney IA, Morgan BP. Characterization of the membrane attack complex inhibitory protein CD59 antigen on human amniotic cells and in amniotic fluid. Immunology. 1992, 76 (4): 541–7. PMC 1421564 . PMID 1383132.
• Tone M, Walsh LA, Waldmann H. Gene structure of human CD59 and demonstration that discrete mRNAs are generated by alternative polyadenylation. J. Mol. Biol. 1992, 227 (3): 971–976. PMID 1383553. doi:10.1016/0022-2836(92)90239-G.
• Philbrick WM, Palfree RG, Maher SE, et al. The CD59 antigen is a structural homologue of murine Ly-6 antigens but lacks interferon inducibility. Eur. J. Immunol. 1990, 20 (1): 87–92. PMID 1689664. doi:10.1002/eji.1830200113.
• Sawada R, Ohashi K, Anaguchi H, et al. Isolation and expression of the full-length cDNA encoding CD59 antigen of human lymphocytes. DNA Cell Biol. 1990, 9 (3): 213–220. PMID 1692709. doi:10.1089/dna.1990.9.213.
• Yamashina M, Ueda E, Kinoshita T, et al. Inherited complete deficiency of 20-kilodalton homologous restriction factor (CD59) as a cause of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. N. Engl. J. Med. 1990, 323 (17): 1184–1189. PMID 1699124. doi:10.1056/NEJM199010253231707.
• Rooney IA, Morgan BP. Protection of human amniotic epithelial cells (HAEC) from complement-mediated lysis: expression on the cells of three complement inhibitory membrane proteins. Immunology. 1991, 71 (3): 308–11. PMC 1384423 . PMID 1702747.
• Watts MJ, Dankert JR, Morgan EP. Isolation and characterization of a membrane-attack-complex-inhibiting protein present in human serum and other biological fluids. Biochem. J. 1990, 265 (2): 471–7. PMC 1136908 . PMID 2302178.
• Okada H, Nagami Y, Takahashi K, et al. 20 KDa homologous restriction factor of complement resembles T cell activating protein. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1989, 162 (3): 1553–1559. PMID 2475111. doi:10.1016/0006-291X(89)90852-8.
• Davies A, Simmons DL, Hale G, et al. CD59, an LY-6-like protein expressed in human lymphoid cells, regulates the action of the complement membrane attack complex on homologous cells. J. Exp. Med. 1989, 170 (3): 637–654. PMC 2189447 . PMID 2475570. doi:10.1084/jem.170.3.637.
• Sawada R, Ohashi K, Okano K, et al. Complementary DNA sequence and deduced peptide sequence for CD59/MEM-43 antigen, the human homologue of murine lymphocyte antigen Ly-6C. Nucleic Acids Res. 1989, 17 (16): 6728–6728. PMC 318369 . PMID 2476718. doi:10.1093/nar/17.16.6728.
• Sugita Y, Tobe T, Oda E, et al. Molecular cloning and characterization of MACIF, an inhibitor of membrane channel formation of complement. J. Biochem. 1990, 106 (4): 555–7. PMID 2606909.
• Bora NS, Gobleman CL, Atkinson JP, et al. Differential expression of the complement regulatory proteins in the human eye. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 1994, 34 (13): 3579–84. PMID 7505007.
• Kieffer B, Driscoll PC, Campbell ID, et al. Three-dimensional solution structure of the extracellular region of the complement regulatory protein CD59, a new cell-surface protein domain related to snake venom neurotoxins. Biochemistry. 1994, 33 (15): 4471–4482. PMID 7512825. doi:10.1021/bi00181a006.
• Kennedy SP, Rollins SA, Burton WV, et al. Protection of porcine aortic endothelial cells from complement-mediated cell lysis and activation by recombinant human CD59. Transplantation. 1994, 57 (10): 1494–501. PMID 7515200. doi:10.1097/00007890-199405000-00017.

外部链接

• 医学主题词表（MeSH）：CD59+Antigen
• Human CD59 genome location and CD59 gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser（英语：UCSC Genome Browser）.