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凡麥有數種。小麥曰來,麥之長也;大麥曰牟,曰穬;雜麥曰雀,曰蕎。皆以插種同時,花形相似,粉食同功,而得麥名也。[1]
四海之內,燕、秦、晉、豫、齊、魯諸道,庶民粒食者,小麥居半。西及蜀、滇,東至閩、越、吳、楚腹焉,方長六千里中,種小麥者,二十分而一。然磨面以為捻頭、環餌、饅首、湯料之需,而饔飧所不及焉。[1]
種餘麥者,五十分而一;閭閻作苦,以充朝膳,而貴介不與焉。穬麥獨產陝西,吐蕃亦栽,一名青稞,即大麥隨土而變之種,其皮成青黑色,秦人專以飼馬,若遇飢荒,人乃良之。又有種大麥者,麥亦有粘者,河洛用以釀酒。雀麥修葉細穗,穗中又分十數細子,間亦野生。蕎麥實非麥類,然以其為粉療飢,傳名為麥,則麥之而已。[1]
凡北地小麥,歷四時之氣,自秋播種,明年初夏方收。南方者,種與收期,時日差短。江南麥花夜發,江北麥花晝發,亦一異也。大麥種獲期與小麥相同。蕎麥則秋半下種,不兩月而即收。其苗遇霜即凋,邀天降霜遲,遲則有收矣。[1]
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