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鹼金屬曰六同族金屬於表內,鋰、鈉、鉀、銣、銫、鈁。色皆銀白,熔點、硬度皆低,鋰鈉鉀遇氧則啞,銣銫遇氧則燃。鹼金屬為金屬,故可通電也。與水之反應甚烈,釋氫,生氫氧化物,即鹽基,因其氫氧化物皆溶於水,皆可生鹼,故名之。
3 Li 鋰 |
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11 Na 鈉 |
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19 K 鉀 |
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37 Rb 銣 |
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55 Cs 銫 |
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87 Fr 鈁 |
易并鹵族、氧族元素而生化合物。熔融態下,可還原鹽以得金屬。須以汽油、煤油存之。惟鋰密度甚小,不以煤油存之,封於石蠟。
遇酸即爆,反應極烈。乃生氫氣與鹽。
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