Maksim Berezovskiy

 Maksim Sozontovich Berezovskiy (ruscha: Макси́м Созо́нтович Березо́вский listen^ⓘ; ukraincha: Максим Созонтович Березовський; tax. 1745 – 2-aprel [E.U. 24-mart] 1777) dunyoviy va liturgik musiqa bastakori, dirijyor va opera qoʻshiqchisi boʻlib, Rossiya imperiyasidagi Sankt-Peterburg saroyi kapellasida ishlagan, lekin oʻz faoliyatining koʻp qismini Italiyada oʻtkazgan. Ukraina musiqasiga muhim hissa qoʻshgan. Artemiy Vedel va Dmitriy Bortnyanskiy bilan birgalikda Berezovskiy musiqashunoslar tomonidan XVIII asr Ukraina klassik musiqasining „Oltin uchlik“ kompozitorlaridan biri va Rossiyaning eng yirik xor bastakorlaridan biri deb hisoblanadi.

Maksim Berezovskiy
Tavalludi	1745 Gluxov, Kazak getmanati, Rossiya imperiyasi
Vafoti	2-aprel 1777[1] Sankt-Peterburg, Rossiya imperiyasi
Fuqaroligi	Rossiya Imperiyasi

Berezovskiyning tugʻilgan joyi va otasining ismi faqat ogʻzaki maʼlumotlardan keltirib oʻtilgan. Avval Gluxov qoʻshiq va cholgʻu musiqa maktabi [ru] da soʻngra Kiyev diniy akademiyasida tahsil olgan boʻlishi mumkin. 1758-yilda Sankt-Peterburgdagi Yekaterina II imperator saroyida ishlagunga qadar Oraniyenbaumdagi kapellaga qoʻshiqchi sifatida qabul qilingan va bu yerda italiyalik bastakor Baldassare Galuppidan saboq olgan. 1769-yilda Berezovskiy Boloniyaga oʻqishga yuborilgan. U uerda uning dunyoviy asarlari, shu jumladan Demofonte, uch pardali opera seriyasi, bu asar Ukraina yoki rus bastakori tomonidan yozilgan italyancha uslubdagi eng qadimgi opera boʻlgan. 1773-yil oktyabrda Sankt-Peterburgga qaytib kelgan. 1777-yilda vafot etgani hujjatlashtirilmagan.

Berezovskiy oʻzining xor asarlari bilan tanilgan va ukrainaning muqaddas xor uslubini yaratuvchilardan biri boʻlgan. U muqaddas kontsertlar janrini eng yuqori musiqiy va badiiy darajaga olib chiqqan va Bortnyanskiyga ham, Vedelga ham taʼsir qilgan. Bir nechta kompozitsiyalari saqlanib qolgan, ammo soʻnggi oʻn yilliklardagi tadqiqotlarda ilgari yoʻqolgan asarlarni, shu jumladan uchta simfoniyani qayta topishga erishilgan.

Biografiya

XVIII asrga qadar hujjatli dalillarning yetishmasligi Maksim Sozontovich Berezovskiy haqida juda kam narsa maʼlum ekanligini anglatgan. 1830-1840-yillarda Sankt-Peterburg Davlat Akademik Kapellasining kutubxonachilari uning hayoti va faoliyati haqida batafsil maʼlumot tuzganlar. Ular bastakorning partituralari va notalariga kirish imkoniga ega boʻlganlar va uni eslab qolganlarning anekdot maʼlumotlariga tayanganlar. Berezovskiyning qisqacha tarjimai holini yaratgan birinchi yozuvchilar nemis tarixshunosi Jacob von Stehlin [ru], antikvar va kitob kolleksiyachisi Yevgeniy Bolxovitinov va rus shoiri va tarjimoni Nikolay Dmitrievich Gorchakov boʻlgan^[2]. Bolxovitinovning Berezovskiy vafotidan 40 yil oʻtib yozilgan asossiz tarjimai holidan keyingi yozuvchilar bastakor haqidagi asosiy maʼlumot manbai sifatida foydalanganlar^[3].

Adabiyotlar

• Azeev, Evstafiy Stepanovich. На Литургии (ru). Russian State Library, 1914.
• Jaffé, Daniel. Historical Dictionary of Russian Music. Scarecrow Press, 2012. ISBN 978-08108-7-980-5.
• Три симфонії (uk) Karabits: . Kyiv: Muzychna Ukraina, 2021.
• Korniy, Lydia Pylypyvna. Історія української музики (uk). Kharkiv; New York: P. Kotz, 1998. OCLC 978701286.
• Lebedeva-Emelina, Antonina (2017). "Лебедева-Емелина А. В. Биографика композиторов екатерининской эпохи: соотношение документов, легенд и мифов [Biographic Writings on the Composers of the Era of Catherine the Great: Correlation Between Documents, Legends, And Myths]". IMTI (17): 36–38. https://imti.sias.ru/upload/iblock/132/imti_2017_17_3_78_lebedeva_emelina.pdf.
• Rakochi, V. (2018). "Рукописи Не Горять, або Симфонія До-Мажор Максима Березовського [Manuscripts do not burn, or Maxim Berezovsky’s Symphony in C major]" (uk). Art Studies Studios (National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine) 1: 45–54. ISSN 1728-6875. https://sm.etnolog.org.ua/zmist/2018/1/45.pdf.
• Ritzarev, Marina. Eighteenth-Century Russian Music. Taylor & Francis, 2006. ISBN 978-13515-6-860-9.
• Ritzarev, Marina. Композитор М.С. Березовский жизнь и творчество (ru). Leningrad: Muzyka, 2013. OCLC 15856456.
• Shulgina, V.D. „Unique Manuscripts and Printed Documents of Ukrainian Musical Culture of the 18th Century“, . Cultural and Arts Studies of National Academy of Culture and Arts Management. Kyiv: Russian State Library, 2020.
• Shumilina, Olga (2015). "Композитор максим березовський: огляд прижиттєвих документальних матеріялів (до 270-річчя від дня народження) [Composer Maxim Berezovsky: a review of documentary materials during his lifetime (for the 270th anniversary of his birth)]". українська музика [Ukrainian Music] 18: 77–84. https://ukrmus.files.wordpress.com/2017/07/2015-4-n18-10.pdf.
• Shumilina, Olga (2018). "Реконструкція Біографічного Сценарію Життєтворчості М. Березовського У Світлі Основних Положень Концепції Вікового Музикознавства Н. Савицької [Reconstruction of the biographical scenario of the life of M. Berezovsky in the light of the main provisions of the concept of age musicology]". українська музика [Ukrainian Music] 29 (3): 21–28. https://ukrmus.files.wordpress.com/2019/01/2018-3-n29-05.pdf.
• Shumilina, Olga (2019). "Італійські Періоди Життєтворчості Максима Березовського Та Їх Роль У Становленні Індивідуального Музичного Стилю [The Italian periods of Maxim Berezovsky's creative life and their role in the formation of individual musical style]" (uk). Scientific Herald (Tchaikovsky National Music Academy of Ukraine) (126). ISSN 2522-4204. http://naukvisnyknmau.com.ua/article/view/197976.
• Shumilina, Olga Anatolyivna (2020). "Сонатна Форма Вінструментальних Творах Максима Березовського [Sonata form in the instrumental works of Maxim Berezovsky]" (uk). Journal of the National Music Academy of Ukraine Named After P. I. Tchaikovsky 46 (1): 6–16. doi:10.31318/2414-052x.1(46).2020.198489. ISSN 2414-052X. http://chasopysnmau.com.ua/article/view/198489/200819.
• Shumilina, Olga (2021). "Клавірні Сонати Синьйора Бера З Краківського Рукопису І Чеська Музична Культура Другої Половини Хvііі Століття [Signor Ber’s Piano Sonatas From the Krakow Manuscript and Czech Musical Culture of the Second Half of the 18th Century]" (uk). українська музика [Ukrainian Music] 41 (3): 24–32. http://journals.lnma.lviv.ua/index.php/ukrmuzyka/article/view/37/36.
• Stites, Richard. Serfdom, Society, and the Arts in Imperial Russia: The Pleasure and the Power. Yale University Press, 2008. ISBN 978-03001-2-818-5.
• Suprun-Yaremko, Nadia. Поліфонія: Посібник для студ.вищих навч.муз.заклад. Vinnytsia, Ukraine: Nova Knyha, 2014. ISBN 978-96638-2-510-6.
• Yurchenko, Mstyslav (2001). Text of booklet to the CD Sacred Music by Maksym Berezovsky
• Newly Discovered Choral Concerti Part A – Concerti for Four Voices, Anthology of Ukrainian Sacred Music: Works by Ukrainian Composers Yurchenko: . Kyiv: Komora Publishing House, 2018. ISBN 978-617-7286-40-9.

Manbalar

1. (unspecified title)
2. Lebedeva-Emelina 2017.
3. Shumilina 2018.

Havolalar

• Free scores by Maxim Berezovsky in the Choral Public Domain Library (ChoralWiki)
• Free scores by Maxim Berezovsky at the International Music Score Library Project (IMSLP)
• Sacred works by Berezovsky at the Orthodox Sacred Music Reference Library website (free registration needed)
• Maxim Berezovsky – Symphony in C major: Allegro molto – Andante – Presto from Pratum Integrum, which includes a performance of the work
• Score of „Do not reject me in my old age“ (1842) from the National Electronic Library of the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation