Cornwall norasmiy milliy madhiyasi

"The Song of the Western Men", shuningdek, „ Trelawny“ nomi bilan ham tanilgan, Kornish vatanparvarlik qoʻshigʻi boʻlib, Robert Stephen Hawker tomonidan soʻzlari yozilgan, musiqasi Louisa T.Clare tomonidan bastalangan. Sheʼr yozilganidan 100 yil oʻtib, 1826-yil sentyabr oyida The Royal Devonport Telegraph va Plymouth Chronicleʼda anonim ravishda nashr etilgan^[1].

Cornwall norasmiy milliy madhiyasi
Soʻz muallif(lar)i	Robert Stephen Hawker, 1826
Bastakor	Louisa T. Clare, 1861

Tarixi

Cherkov aʼzosi Hawker xordan tashqari soʻzlar uchun mualliflikka daʼvo qilgan^[2]. U bu uch satrda tilga olingan Trelawnyni 1688-yilda qirol James II tomonidan London minorasida qamoqqa olingan Bristol yepiskopi Sir John Trelawny deb taxmin qildi. Sir John Trelawnyni 1628-yilda parlament tomonidan qamoqqa tashlangan Kornish Royalist yetakchisi hisoblangan. Qoʻshiqda aytilganidek, Cornwall aholisi Trelawnyni qutqarish uchun aslida harakat qilishmagan. U London minorasida uch hafta qamoqqa olingan, keyin sudlangan va oqlangan^[3][4].

Hawkerning sheʼri 1861-yilda Louisa T.Clare tomonidan musiqaga solingan^[5]. Hawker Clarening sahnasidan yaratgan musiqasidan mamnun ediki, u keyingi muvaffaqiyat umidida unga yana bir sheʼrini yubordi^[6].

Kornish tarixchisi Robert Morton Nancening soʻzlariga koʻra, „The Song of the Western Men“ 1807-yilda Napoleon Bonapart tahdid qilgan paytda yozilgan „Come, all ye jolly tinner boys“ qoʻshigʻidan ilhomlangan boʻlishi mumkin. Polshaga bostirib kirish vaqtida Cornwallda savdoga taʼsir qiladi.

1881-yilda Trurodagi soborga poydevor qoʻyish marosimida qoʻshiq Canon Harvey tomonidan "… bizning aziz Kornuollning milliy madhiyasi " deb taʼriflangan^[7]. Qoʻshiq Cornwall regbi ittifoqi oʻyinlarida va boshqa Cornwall yigʻinlarida kuylanadigan muntazam sevimli qoʻshiqdir. Kornuolldagi baʼzi maktablarda bolalarga birinchi sheʼr va xor oʻrgatiladi, keyinchalik uni Murdoch kuni va Avliyo Piran kuni (5-mart) kabi tadbirlarda kuylashadi^[8].

Matn

Trelawny

I A good sword and a trusty hand! A merry heart and true! King James’s men shall understand What Cornish lads can do! And have they fixed the where and when? And shall Trelawny die? Hereʼs twenty thousand Cornish men Will know the reason why! And shall Trelawny live? Or shall Trelawny die? Hereʼs twenty thousand Cornish men Will know the reason why! Out spake their Captain brave and bold: A merry wight was he: Though London Tower were Michael’s hold, Weʼll set Trelawny free! Weʼll cross the Tamar, land to land: The Severn is no stay: With "one and all, " and hand in hand; And who shall bid us nay? And shall Trelawny live? Or shall Trelawny die? Hereʼs twenty thousand Cornish men Will know the reason why! And when we come to London Wall, A pleasant sight to view, Come forth! come forth! ye cowards all: Hereʼs men as good as you. Trelawny heʼs in keep and hold; Trelawny he may die: Hereʼs twenty thousand Cornish bold Will know the reason why And shall Trelawny live? Or shall Trelawny die? Hereʼs twenty thousand Cornish men Will know the reason why!

Manbalar

1. A Bookman's Catalogue Vol. 1. UBC Press, 2011. ISBN 978-0774844833. Qaraldi: 9-yanvar 2019-yil.
2. „Trelawny“. Robert Stephen Hawker. Qaraldi: 2-oktabr 2022-yil.
3. „Robert Stephen Hawker: Trelawny“. Hawker Society, Angela Williams. Qaraldi: 11-sentabr 2017-yil.
4. Piers Brendon, Hawker Of Morwenstow: Portrait of an Eccentric Victorian, Random House, 2011
5. Hawker, Robert Stephen. Cornish Ballads and Other Poems. John Lane, 1908. xxviii.
6. Hawker, Robert Stephen. The Life and Letters of R.S. Hawker. John Lane, 1904. 269.
7. Trelawny (A Lecture Give at Nine Cornish Towns by Canon Harvey, of Truro). The Cornishman (24-fevral 1881-yil), s. 6.
8. „Sir Jonathan Trelawny – Anglican 'Trelawnebishop“. cornwall guide. Qaraldi: 11-sentabr 2017-yil.

Havolalar

• „The Song of The Western Men“ at RobertStephenHawker.co.uk
• The Life and Letters of R. S. Hawker from the Internet Archive
• Words in Cornish (Wayback Machine saytida 2014-01-04 sanasida arxivlangan) from the Federation of Old Cornwall Societies website
• Trelawny’s Army (with notes by R. S. Hawker)
• „The Song of the Western Men“ from Everything₂