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Alstroemeria (/ˌælstrɪˈmɪəriə/), odatda Peru nilufari yoki Inkalar nilufari deb ataladi, Alstroemeriaceae oilasiga mansub gulli oʻsimliklar turkumi. Ularning barchasi Janubiy Amerikadan kelib chiqqan, ammo baʼzilari Qoʻshma Shtatlar, Meksika, Avstraliya, Yangi Zelandiya, Madeyra va Kanar orollarida naturalizatsiya qilingan. Deyarli barcha turlar ikki xil xilma-xillik markazlaridan biridan paydo b‘lgan; biri Chilida, ikkinchisi sharqiy Braziliyada. Chilidagi Alstroemeria turlari qishda, Braziliyada esa yozda oʻsadi. A. graminea turidan tashqari, barchasi uzoq umr koʻradigan koʻp yillik oʻsimliklardir.
Ink nilufari | |
---|---|
[1] [2] | |
Ilmiy tasniflash | |
Olam: | O‘simliklar |
Tip: | Gulli oʻsimliklar |
Sinf: | Bir urugʻpallalilar |
Oila: | Alstroemeriaceae |
Binar nomi | |
(L.) | |
Sinonimlari | |
|
Bu turkumning oʻsimliklari tugunaklardan ko‘payadi. Unumdor tuproqda o‘suvchi turlarining bo‘yi 1,5 m gacha yetadi. Barglar navbatma-navbat joylashadi. Barglarning shakli oʻzgaruvchan va chetlar silliq qirralarga ega. Gullar yolgʻiz yoki soyabon to‘pgulda joylashgan. Har bir gulning uzunligi 5 centimetr (2.0 inches) gacha boʻlgan oltita barglari bor. Ular qizil, toʻq sariq, binafsha, yashil va oq ranglarda boʻladi. Oltita egri stamens mavjud. Meva uchta bo‘lakli ko‘sakdir[3].
Bu jinsni Yoxan Piter Falk va uning ilmiy rahbari Karl Linney 1762-yilda Planta Alströmeriya dissertatsiyasida tasvirlab bergan[4]
Bu turkum Linneyning doʻsti shved baroni Klas Alströmer (1736-1794) sharafiga nomlangan.
Oq, sariq, toʻq sariq, oʻrik, pushti, qizil, binafsha va lavanta kabi koʻplab ranglarga ega boplgan 190 nav ishlab chiqilgan. Bugungi kunda keng tarqalgan, eng mashhur va koʻzga koʻringan duragaylar Chili (qishda oʻsadigan) va Braziliyadagi (yozda oʻsadigan) turlarning chatishishi natijasida olingan. Bu nozik gullar 14 kungacha suvda hech qanday so‘lish belgilarisiz yashaydi[5].
Uy bogʻi uchun mo‘ljallangan koʻpchilik navlar bahorning oxirida va yozning boshida gullaydi. Ildizlari 23 °F (−5 °C) daraja haroratga chidamli. O‘simlik kamida olti soat ertalab quyosh nuri, muntazam suv va yaxshi quritilgan tuproqda yaxshi o‘sadi.
Baʼzi alstroemerialar begona oʻtlarga aylangan, masalan, Alstroemeria pulchella va A. aurea, hozir Avstraliyada begona oʻtlar hisoblanadi.
Tasviri | Nomi | Tarqalishi |
---|---|---|
Alstroemeria achirae | Maule | |
Alstroemeria albescens | Rio Grande do Sul | |
Alstroemeria altoparadisea | Goyas | |
Alstroemeria amabilis | Braziliya | |
Alstroemeria amazonica | Pará, Bolívar | |
Alstroemeria andina | Chili, Argentina | |
Alstroemeria angustifolia | Chili | |
Alstroemeria annapolina | Goyas | |
Alstroemeria apertiflora | Braziliya, Argentina, Paragvay | |
Alstroemeria aquidauanica | Mato Grosso | |
Alstroemeria arnicana | Goyas | |
Alstroemeria aulica | Valparaíso | |
Alstroemeria aurea | ||
Alstroemeria bahiensis | Baiya | |
Alstroemeria bakeri | Catamarca | |
Alstroemeria bilabiata | Santyago | |
Alstroemeria brasiliensis | Braziliya | |
Alstroemeria burchellii | Goyas | |
Alstroemeria cabralensis | Minas Jerais | |
Alstroemeria caiaponica | Goyas | |
Alstroemeria calliantha | Minas Jerais | |
Alstroemeria cantillanica | OʻHiggins | |
Alstroemeria capixaba | Espírito Santu | |
Alstroemeria caryophyllaea | Braziliya | |
Alstroemeria chapadensis | Matu Grosso | |
Alstroemeria chorillensis | Peru | |
Alstroemeria crispata | ||
Alstroemeria cuiabana | Matu Grossu | |
Alstroemeria cultrifolia | Brazilia | |
Alstroemeria cunha | Braziliya | |
Alstroemeria decora | Valparaíso | |
Alstroemeria diluta | Chili | |
Alstroemeria discolor | Valparaíso | |
Alstroemeria douradensis | Goyas | |
Alstroemeria espigonensis | Bahia | |
Alstroemeria exserens | Chili, Argentina | |
Alstroemeria fiebrigiana | Bolivia | |
Alstroemeria firmulifolia | Minas Gerais | |
Alstroemeria foliosa | Braziliya, Paraguay | |
Alstroemeria fuscovinosa | Braziliya | |
Alstroemeria garaventae | Chili | |
Alstroemeria gardneri | Braziliya | |
Alstroemeria glaucandra | Valparaíso | |
Alstroemeria gouveiana | Minas Gerais | |
Alstroemeria graminea | Chili | |
Alstroemeria hookeri | Chili | |
Alstroemeria huemulina | Bío Bío | |
Alstroemeria ibitipocae | Minas Gerais | |
Alstroemeria igarapavica | São Paulo | |
Alstroemeria inodora | Brazil | |
Alstroemeria isabellana | Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay | |
Alstroemeria itabiritensis | Minas Gerais | |
Alstroemeria jequitiana | Minas Gerais | |
Alstroemeria jocunda | Santiago de Chile | |
Alstroemeria julieae | Minas Gerais | |
Alstroemeria kingii | Chile | |
Alstroemeria lactilutea | Tarapacá | |
Alstroemeria landimana | Brasília | |
Alstroemeria leporina | Chile | |
Alstroemeria ligtu, St. Martinʼs flower | Peru, Chile, Argentina | |
Alstroemeria litterata | Mato Grosso | |
Alstroemeria longaviensis | Maule | |
Alstroemeria longistaminea | Brazil | |
Alstroemeria longistyla | Goiás, Minas Gerais | |
Alstroemeria lutea | Tarapacá | |
Alstroemeria magna | Valparaíso | |
Alstroemeria magnifica | Chile | |
Alstroemeria malmeana | Brazil | |
Alstroemeria modesta | Chile | |
Alstroemeria mollensis | Coquimbo | |
Alstroemeria monantha | Chile | |
Alstroemeria monticola | Bahia, Minas Gerais | |
Alstroemeria nidularis | Maule | |
Alstroemeria nivea | Coquimbo | |
Alstroemeria ochracea | Minas Gerais | |
Alstroemeria orchidioides | Brasília, Goiás | |
Alstroemeria pallida | Chile | |
Alstroemeria paraensis | Pará | |
Alstroemeria patagonica | southern Argentina, southern Chile | |
Alstroemeria paupercula | Peru, northern Chile | |
Alstroemeria pelegrina, Peruvian lily | Peru, Chile | |
Alstroemeria penduliflora | Minas Gerais | |
Alstroemeria philippii | northern Chile | |
Alstroemeria piauhyensis | Brazil | |
Alstroemeria plantaginea | Brazil, Venezuela | |
Alstroemeria poetica | Chile | |
Alstroemeria polpaicana | Santiago | |
Alstroemeria polyphylla | Chile | |
Alstroemeria presliana | Chile, Argentina | |
Alstroemeria pseudospathulata | Chile, Argentina | |
Alstroemeria psittacina | Brazil, Argentina; naturalized in Australia, New Zealand, Southeastern United States, southern Mexico, Madeira, Canary Islands | |
Alstroemeria pubiflora | Goiás | |
Alstroemeria pudica | Santiago | |
Alstroemeria pulchra | Chile | |
Alstroemeria punctata | Brasília, Goiás | |
Alstroemeria pygmaea | Peru, Brazil, Argentina | |
Alstroemeria radula | Brazil | |
Alstroemeria recumbens | Chile | |
Alstroemeria revoluta | Chile | |
Alstroemeria ribeirensis | Paraná | |
Alstroemeria roseoviridis | Mato Grosso do Sul | |
Alstroemeria rupestris | Minas Gerais | |
Alstroemeria sabulosa | Valparaíso | |
Alstroemeria schizanthoides | Chile | |
Alstroemeria sellowiana | Brazil | |
Alstroemeria spathulata | Chile, Argentina | |
Alstroemeria speciosa | São Paulo | |
Alstroemeria spectabilis | Santiago | |
Alstroemeria stenopetala | Goiás, Minas Gerais | |
Alstroemeria talcaensis | Maule | |
Alstroemeria timida | Santiago | |
Alstroemeria tombolatoana | Goiás, Minas Gerais | |
Alstroemeria umbellata | Chile, Argentina | |
Alstroemeria variegata | Minas Gerais | |
Alstroemeria venusta | Chile | |
Alstroemeria versicolor | Chile | |
Alstroemeria virginalis | Coquimbo | |
Alstroemeria viridiflora | Brazil | |
Alstroemeria werdermannii | Chile | |
Alstroemeria xavantinensis | Mato Grosso | |
Alstroemeria yaelae | Santiago | |
Alstroemeria zoelneri | Chile | |
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