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یہ خطرے سے دوچار عالمی ثقافتی ورثوں کی فہرست (انگریزی: List of World Heritage in Danger) ہے جسے اقوام متحدہ کی تعلیمی، سائنسی اور ثقافتی تنظیم یونیسکو نے عالمی ثقافتی ورثہ کمیٹی کی سفارشات کے مطابق مرتب کیا ہے۔ [nb 1]
نام | تصویر | مقام | معیار | رقبہ ہیکٹر (ایکڑ) |
سال (عالمی ثقافتی ورثہ) | خطرے سے دوچار | وجہ | حوالے |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ابو مینا | ابو صیر، مصر 30°50′30″N 29°39′50″E |
ثقافتی: (iv) | 182 (450) | 1979 | 2001– | Cave-ins in the area caused by the clay at the surface, which becomes semi-liquid when met with "excess water" | [1][2] [3] | |
Air and Ténéré Natural Reserves | ارلیت محکمہ، نائجر 18°17′N 8°0′E |
قدرتی: (vii)، (ix)، (x) |
7,736,000 (19,120,000) | 1991 | 1992– | Military conflict and civil disturbance in the region as well as a reduction of wildlife population and degradation of the vegetation cover | [4][5] | |
قدیم حلب | محافظہ حلب، سوریہ 36°14′N 37°10′E |
ثقافتی: (iii)(iv) |
350 (860) | 1986 | 2013– | شامی خانہ جنگی، currently held by the government. Bombings continue threatening the site. | [6] | |
بصریٰ | محافظہ درعا، سوریہ 32°31′5″N 36°28′54″E |
ثقافتی: (i)(iii)(vi) |
— | 1980 | 2013– | شامی خانہ جنگی، held by the government. | [7] | |
Ancient City of Damascus | محافظہ دمشق، سوریہ 33°30′41″N 36°18′23″E |
ثقافتی: (i)(ii)(iii)(iv)(vi) |
86 (210) | 1979 | 2013– | شامی خانہ جنگی، rebel gunfire and mortar shelling, mainly from adjacent Jobar suburb endangers foundations. | [8] | |
Ancient Villages of Northern Syria | سوریہ 36°20′3″N 36°50′39″E |
ثقافتی: (iii)(iv)(v) |
12,290 (30,400) | 2011 | 2013– | شامی خانہ جنگی، some held by rebels. Reports of looting and demolitions by Islamist groups. | [9] | |
Archaeological Site of Cyrene | Jebel Akhdar، لیبیا 32°49′30″N 21°51′30″E |
ثقافتی: (ii)، (iii)، (vi) |
— | 1982 | 2016– | Libyan Civil War، presence of armed groups, already incurred and potential further damage. | [10][11] | |
لبدہ کبری | خمس، لیبیا، لیبیا 32°38′18″N 14°17′35″E |
ثقافتی: (i)، (ii)، (iii) |
— | 1982 | 2016– | Libyan Civil War، presence of armed groups, already incurred and potential further damage. | [11][12] | |
صبراتہ | صبراتہ، لیبیا 32°48′19″N 12°29′6″E |
ثقافتی: (iii) |
— | 1982 | 2016– | Libyan Civil War، presence of armed groups, already incurred and potential further damage. | [11][13] | |
آشور (Qal'at Sherqat) | محافظہ صلاح الدین، عراق 35°27′24″N 43°15′45″E |
ثقافتی: (iii)، (iv) |
70 (170) | 2003 | 2003– | A planned reservoir that would have partially flooded the site was suspended in the wake of the عراق جنگ by the new administration; lack of adequate protection. | [14][15] | |
Chan Chan Archaeological Zone | لا لیورتاد علاقہ، پیرو 8°6′40″S 79°4′30″W |
ثقافتی: (i)، (iii) |
600 (1,500) | 1986 | 1986– | Natural erosion | [16][17] | |
پوتوسی | پوتوسی، بولیویا | ثقافتی:
(ii)، (iv)، (vi) |
11,810 (29,200) | 1987 | 2014– | Continued mining has left the mountain porous and unstable, causing portions of the summit to collapse, also the target of future mining by the Bolivian Mining Corp. Recommendations to preserve the site have not been followed through. | [18] | |
سانتا آنا دے کورو | فالکون، وینیزویلا 11°25′N 69°40′W |
ثقافتی: (iv)، (v) |
107 (260) | 1993 | 2005– | Damage to a great number of structures due to heavy rain between نومبر 2004 and فروری 2005 as well as the construction of a new monument, a beach walkway and an entrance gate to the city in the buffer zone which could have considerable impact on the value of the site | [19][20] | |
Crac des Chevaliers and Qal’at Salah El-Din | محافظہ حمص and محافظہ لاذقیہ Governorates, سوریہ 34°46′54″N 36°15′47″E |
ثقافتی: (ii)(iv) |
9 (22) | 2006 | 2013– | شامی خانہ جنگی، once held by Al-Nusra Front and other Islamist groups, reclaimed by Syrian Arab Army and حزب اللہ fighters. Reports of damages and looting caused by Islamist groups was released by the government. | [21] | |
بامیان کے بدھ | صوبہ بامیان، افغانستان 34°49′55″N 67°49′36″E |
ثقافتی: (i)، (ii)، (iii)، (iv)، (vi) |
159 (390) | 2003 | 2003– | Fragile conservation state due to abandonment, military action and dynamite explosions; causing dangers such as risk of collapse of Buddha niches, further deterioration of cave murals, looting and illicit excavations. Destruction during the rule of تحریک اسلامی طالبان due to their teachings that the statues are abominations to Islam. | [22][23] | |
East Rennell | رینل اور بیلونا صوبہ، جزائر سلیمان 11°40′59″S 160°10′59″E |
قدرتی: (ix) |
37,000 (91,000) | 1998 | 2013– | Damage to the site due to logging and its effect on the local ecosystem | [24] | |
Everglades National Park | ریاستہائے متحدہ 25°19′N 80°56′W |
Florida,قدرتی: (viii)، (ix)، (x) |
592,920 (1,465,100) | 1979 | 1993–2007, 2010– | Damage due to Hurricane Andrew and deterioration of water flow and quality due to agricultural and urban development (1993); continued degradation of the site resulting in a loss of marine habitat and decline in marine species (2010) | [25][26] [27] | |
Fortifications on the Caribbean Side of Panama: Portobelo-San Lorenzo | کولون صوبہ، پاناما 9°33′14″N 79°39′21″W |
ثقافتی: (i)، (iv) |
— | 1980 | 2012– | Environmental factors, lack of maintenance and urban development | [28][29] | |
Garamba National Park | اورینتال صوبہ، جمہوری جمہوریہ کانگو 4°0′N 29°15′E |
قدرتی: (vii)، (x) |
500,000 (1,200,000) | 1980 | 1984–1992, 1996– | Reduction of Northern White Rhinoceros population (1984); poaching of two white rhinos, killing of three rangers and no plan for corrective measures by the authorities (1996) | [30][31] [32] | |
Hatra | محافظہ نینوی، عراق 35°35′17″N 42°43′6″E |
ثقافتی: (ii)، (iii)، (iv)، (vi) |
324 (800) | 1985 | 2015– | Damage inflicted to the property by armed groups | [33] | |
الخلیل | محافظہ الخلیل، فلسطین 31°31′27″N 35°6′32″E |
ثقافتی: (ii)، (iv)، (vi) | 20.6 (51) | 2017 | 2017– | [34] | ||
شہر سبز | قشقہ دریا صوبہ، ازبکستان 39°3′0″N 66°50′0″E |
ثقافتی: (iii)، (iv) |
240 (590) | 2000 | 2016– | Destruction of buildings in its medieval neighbourhoods and continuing urban development. | [35][36] | |
ویانا | ویانا، آسٹریا 48°12′N 16°22′E |
ثقافتی: (ii)(iv)(vi) |
371 (920) | 2001 | 2017– | New high-rise projects | [37] | |
زبید | محافظہ الحدیدہ، یمن 14°12′N 43°19′E |
ثقافتی: (ii)، (iv)، (vi) |
— | 1993 | 2000– | Deteriorating state of historic buildings, inscribed on request of the State Party | [38][39] | |
Islands and Protected Areas of the خلیج کیلی فورنیا | باخا کیلیفورنیا، باخا کیلیفورنیا سر، سونورا، سینالوا and نایاریت، میکسیکو 27°38′N 112°33′W |
قدرتی: (vii)، (ix)، (x) |
688,558 (1,701,460) | 2005 | 2019– | Imminent extinction of the vaquita، an endemic porpoise in the gulf | [40][41] | |
Kahuzi-Biega National Park | جنوبی کیوو and مانیما، جمہوری جمہوریہ کانگو 2°30′S 28°45′E |
قدرتی: (x) |
600,000 (1,500,000) | 1980 | 1997– | Deforestation, hunting as well as war and civil strife | [42][43] | |
Lake Turkana National Parks | کینیا 3°3′8″N 36°30′13″E |
قدرتی: (viii)(x) |
161,485 (399,040) | 1997 | 2018– | Impact of Ethiopia's Gilgel Gibe III Dam on the lake's flow and ecosystem | [44][45] | |
Manovo-Gounda St Floris National Park | بامینگوئی-بانگوران، وسطی افریقی جمہوریہ 9°0′N 21°30′E |
قدرتی: (ix)، (x) |
1,740,000 (4,300,000) | 1988 | 1997– | Illegal grazing and poaching, deteriorating security situation | [46][47] | |
مینار جام | صوبہ غور، افغانستان 34°23′48″N 64°30′58″E |
ثقافتی: (ii)، (iii)، (iv) |
70 (170) | 2002 | 2002– | Lack of legal protection, lack of protection measure or management plan, poor condition of the site | [48][49] | |
Medieval Monuments in Kosovo | سربیا[lower-alpha 1] 42°39′40″N 20°15′56″E |
ثقافتی: (ii)، (iii)، (iv) |
2.88 (7.1) | 2004 | 2006– | مارچ Pogrom، lack of legal protection and management; political instability and security. | [50][51] | |
Mount Nimba Strict Nature Reserve | لولا پریفیکچور، آئیوری کوسٹ* جمہوریہ گنی* 7°36′N 8°23′W |
قدرتی: (ix)، (x) |
18,000 (44,000) | 1981 | 1992– | Iron ore mining concession on part of the World Heritage Site and influx of large number of refugees on the Guinean part of the site | [52][53] | |
نان ماڈول | Temwen Island، ریاستہائے وفاقیہ مائکرونیشیا 6°50′23″N 158°19′51″E |
ثقافتی: (i)، (iii)، (iv)، (vi) |
76.7 (190) | 2016 | 2016– | Continuing siltation of waterways contributing to overgrowth and undermining existing structures. | [54][55] | |
Niokolo-Koba National Park | تامباکؤندا علاقہ and کیدؤگؤ علاقہ، سینیگال 13°0′N 12°40′W |
قدرتی: (x) |
913,000 (2,260,000) | 1981 | 2007– | Degradation of property, low mammal population, management problems and impact of a proposed dam on the دریائے گمبیا | [56][57] | |
Okapi Wildlife Reserve | اورینتال صوبہ، جمہوری جمہوریہ کانگو 2°0′N 28°30′E |
قدرتی: (x) |
1,372,625 (3,391,830) | 1996 | 1997– | Looting of park facilities and killing of elephants as a result of an armed conflict in the area | [58][59] | |
قدیم شہر (یروشلم) | یروشلم (no nation named by UNESCO)[nb 2] 31°46′36″N 35°14′3″E |
ثقافتی: (ii)، (iii)، (vi) |
— | 1981 | 1982– | Uncontrolled urban development, general deterioration of the state of conservation due to tourism and lack of maintenance. | [60][61][62] | |
صنعاء | محافظہ صنعاء، یمن 15°21′20″N 44°12′29″E |
ثقافتی: (iv)، (v)، (vi) |
— | 1986 | 2015– | یمنی خانہ جنگی (2015–تاحال) | [63] | |
Old Town of Ghadamès | Ghadames، لیبیا 30°08′00″N 9°30′00″E |
ثقافتی: (v) |
— | 1986 | 2016– | Libyan Civil War، presence of armed groups, already incurred and potential further damage. | [11][64] | |
Old Towns of Djenné | Djenné، مالی 13°54′23″N 4°33′18″W |
ثقافتی: (iii)، (iv) |
— | 1988 | 2016– | Regional insecurity, deteriorating state of the historic town, urbanization and erosion. | [65][66] | |
Palestine: Land of Olives and Vines – Cultural Landscape of Southern Jerusalem, Battir | Battir، فلسطین 31°43′11″N 35°7′50″E |
ثقافتی: (iv)(v) |
349 (860) | 2014 | 2014– | The Israeli West Bank barrier "may isolate farmers from fields they have cultivated for centuries"۔ | [67][68] | |
شبام | محافظہ حضرموت، یمن 15°55′37″N 48°37′36″E |
ثقافتی: (iii)، (iv)، (v) |
— | 1982 | 2015– | Potential threat from the armed conflict, compounding safeguarding and management problems already observed at the site | [63] | |
Rainforests of the Atsinanana | مڈغاسکر 14°28′S 49°42′E |
Eastern Madagascar,قدرتی: (ix)، (x) |
479,660 (1,185,300) | 2007 | 2010– | Illegal logging and hunting of endangered lemurs | [69][70] | |
Río Plátano Biosphere Reserve | La Mosquitia، ہونڈوراس 15°44′40″N 84°40′30″W |
قدرتی: (vii)، (viii)، (ix)، (x) |
— | 1982 | 1996–2007, 2011– | Logging, fishing and land occupation; poaching and the reduced capacity of the state to manage the site; largely due to the deterioration of law and to the presence of drug traffickers | [71][72] | |
Rock-Art Sites of Tadrart Acacus | فزان، لیبیا 24°50′N 10°20′E |
ثقافتی: (iii) |
— | 1985 | 2016– | Libyan Civil War، presence of armed groups, already incurred and potential further damage. | [11][73] | |
سامراء | محافظہ صلاح الدین، عراق 34°12′N 43°52′E |
ثقافتی: (ii)، (iii)، (iv) |
15,058 (37,210) | 2007 | 2007– | Security situation following the عراق جنگ and lack of state control for protection or management of the site | [74][75] | |
Selous Game Reserve | پوانی علاقہ، موروگورو علاقہ، لیندی علاقہ، متوارا علاقہ and رووما علاقہ Regions, | قدرتی:
(ix)، (x) |
5,120,000 (12,700,000) | 1982 | 2014– | Exploration and extraction of minerals, large infrastructure projects | [76] | |
تدمر | محافظہ حمص، سوریہ 34°33′15″N 38°16′0″E |
ثقافتی: (i)(ii)(iv) |
0.36 (0.89) | 1980 | 2013– | شامی خانہ جنگی، captured by the notoriously iconoclastic داعش terrorist organization (ISIS)۔ | [77] | |
ٹمبکٹو | ٹمبکٹو، علاقہ ٹمبکٹو، مالی 16°46′24″N 2°59′58″W |
ثقافتی: (ii)، (iv)، (v) |
— | 1988 | 2012– | Threat of destruction by the Islamist groups like Al-Qaeda in Islamic Maghreb، Ansar Dine and بوکوحرام۔ Some monuments are now pillaged and destroyed. | [78][79] | |
Tomb of Askia | گاو، علاقہ گاو، مالی 16°17′23″N 0°02′40″W |
ثقافتی: (ii)، (iii)، (iv) |
4.24 (10.5) | 2004 | 2012– | Damaged by Islamist groups like Al-Qaeda in Islamic Maghreb and Ansar Dine۔ Reported destroyed by Ansar Dine when they captured ٹمبکٹو۔ | [79][80] | |
Tombs of Buganda Kings at Kasubi | کمپالا، یوگنڈا 0°19′45″N 32°33′12″E |
ثقافتی: (i)، (iii)، (iv)، (vi) |
27 (67) | 2001 | 2010– | Destruction of the Muzibu Azaala Mpanga, the main building of the site, by fire in مارچ 2010 | [81][82] | |
Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra | سماٹرا، انڈونیشیا 02°30′S 101°30′E |
قدرتی: (vii)، (ix)، (x) |
2,595,124 (6,412,690) | 2004 | 2011– | Poaching, illegal logging, agricultural encroachment, and plans to build roads through the site | [83][84] | |
Virunga National Park | شمالی کیوو and اورینتال صوبہ، جمہوری جمہوریہ کانگو 0°55′N 29°10′E |
قدرتی: (vii)، (viii)، (x) |
800,000 (2,000,000) | 1979 | 1994– | Deforestation and poaching as a result of the influx of refugees due to the Rwandan Civil War | [85][86] |
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