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MV Chauncy Maples ni sitima iyo yikendeskeka na injini ndipo yikaŵa sitima ya pa maji iyo yikanyamuka mu 1901. Cingalaŵa ici cikaŵa pa Nyanja ya Malawi (iyo pakwamba yikacemekanga Nyanja ya Nyasa) ndipo cikaŵa cikuru comene pa vyombo vyose vya mu Africa.[2] Pamanyuma pa vilimika vyakujumpha 100, ŵakaghanaghananga kuti ŵamuwezgeremo kuti waŵe cipatala ico cikwenda pa maji kuti ŵanthu mamiliyoni ghanandi awo ŵakukhala mumphepete mwa nyanja ŵagwirenge nchito. Boma la Malawi likapeleka wovwiri uwu mu 2009 ndipo ndalama izo ŵanthu ŵakasanganga zikaŵa zakukwana kuti vinthu vyende makora. Ŵakasanga kuti ngalaŵa iyi yingazengekaso yayi pa mtengo uwemi, ntheura ŵakapanga ngalaŵa yiphya iyo yingapeleka wovwiri ku ŵasilikari awo ŵakwenda mu nyanja.
 SS Chauncy Maples bedecked with bunting and carrying dignitaries to celebrate fifty years of service on Lake Nyasa | |
| History | |
|---|---|
.svg){kind=small}  Nyasaland, Malawi | |
| Name | SS Chauncy Maples (until 1967), MV Chauncy Maples (1967–present) |
| Owner | Universities’ Mission to Central Africa (until 1953); Government of Malawi (1953 onwards) |
| Operator | Universities' Mission to Central Africa (until 1953); Government of Malawi (1953–67); Malawi Railways (1967–92) |
| Port of registry | Monkey Bay |
| Ordered | 1898 |
| Builder | Alley & McClellan, Polmadie, Scotland |
| Cost | £13,500 |
| Launched | 1901 |
| Maiden voyage | 1901 |
| In service | 1901 |
| Out of service | 1992 |
| Fate | Laid up |
| General characteristics | |
| Tonnage | 150 tons |
| Displacement | 250 tons |
| Length | 38 m (126 ft) |
| Beam | 6.1 m (20 ft) |
| Draught | 2.0 m (6+1⁄2 ft) |
| Installed power | Steam engine (until 1967), 330 BHP 6-cylinder Crossley diesel engine (1967 onwards)[1] |
| Propulsion | Single screw |
| Crew | 10 (as motor vessel) |
Malo ghakupangirako sitima gha Alley & McLellan ku Polmadie, Glasgow, ghakaŵa kutali comene na Mlonga wa Clyde. Kampani iyi yikateŵeteranga mu vigaŵa vyakutali chomene vya Ufumu wa Britain.[3][page needed][ukaboni wasowa apa]Ŵakapanga ngalaŵa izo zikati zamara kuzenga, ŵakazisongonanga na kuzipanga kuŵa viŵiya.
Vinthu ivi vikaŵa vikuru comene ndipo kukaŵa kwakusuzga kuti viyegheke. Kweniso ntchito yakunozgaso yikathembanga chomene pa awo ŵakaŵa na maluso pa malo agho ŵakaguliranga. Nga umo vikaŵira na chigaŵa cha Chauncy Maples, kanandi nthowa iyi ndiyo yikaŵa yiwemi chomene para munthu wakuluta kutali chomene na uko wakuluta.
Sitima ya Chauncy Maples yikapangika kuti yigezenge maji gha mu Nyanja ya Nyasa, iyo yili kumwera comene mu Africa. Nyanja iyi yili na utali wa makilomita 560 na usani wa makilomita 80. Kweniso ni nyanja yaciŵiri yakunyang'amira comene mu Africa, ndipo kuli visomba vinandi kuluska nyanja yiliyose pa caru capasi.
Wakapangika na kutumika na University's Mission to Central Africa (UMCA),[4] Cingalaŵa ca matani 150 ici cikaŵa cimoza mwa vyakupangiska vyaumaliro vya Henry Marc Brunel, mwana wa Isambard Kingdom Brunel, uyo wakaŵa injiniya wa ku Victoria. Para ŵamara kuwunjika vinthu ivi, ŵakanyamura vigaŵa pafupifupi 3,481 na kuluta navyo ku Portuguese East Africa.
Abbot wa ku Newark ndiyo wakazenga maji agha. Chikaŵa na uzito wa matani 11 ndipo chikanyamulika mu chigaŵa chimoza pa ngolo yapadera iyo yikaŵa na mawilo gha Sentinel, ndipo ŵanthu 450 ŵa fuko la Ngoni ŵakayegha pa mtunda wa makilomita 560 kujumpha mu malo ghambura kulongosoreka agho kukaŵa maleriya. Vigaŵa vinyake vya ngalaŵa vikaŵa vya ŵanthu awo ŵakendanga pa mitu ya ŵanalume na ŵanakazi pa malo ghakusuzga na mu milonga.
David Livingstone, munthu wakwamba wa ku Europe kufika pa nyanja iyi, ndipo wakaŵa mupharazgi wa maulendo gha pa boti la nthukumusi.[5][page needed] Mu 1859, Livingstone wakacitapo kanthu mwaluŵiro comene, ndipo wakakhumbanga kuti malo ghanandi agho ghakazingilizga nyanja iyi ghaŵe gha Ufumu wa Britain. Nangauli caru ca Portugal cikamba kuwusa kumafumiro gha dazi kwa nyanja iyi, kweni ŵa mishonale ŵa ku Scotland ndiwo ŵakakhazikiska virwa vya Likoma na Chizumulu.
Kuŵikaso[6][7][page needed] Ŵakapulikiska kuti para ŵafika ku malo agha, ŵakeneranga kuŵika manambara pa vigaŵa vyose pambere ŵandambe kugwiliskira ntchito vyakupimira. Vikatora vyaka viŵiri kuti ŵanozgeso. Mu 1901, ŵakafumiska boti ili mu nyanja. Mu 1895, apo wakaŵa pa ulendo wakuluta ku nchito yake, boti lake likabwangasuka pa Nyanja ya Nyasa apo kukaŵa chimphepo ndipo wakafwa na maji cifukwa ca kuzura kwa salu yake..[8]
Ŵamishonale ŵakiza na vinthu vinandi ku Africa kuluska cisopa, ndipo UMCA yikaŵa na maghanoghano ghakupulikikwa makora pa nkhani ya ndalama izo ŵakagwiliskira nchito. Ngalaŵa iyi yikaŵa na milimo yitatu: yikaŵa sitima ya cipatala, sukulu ya ŵamishonale, na malo ghakubisamamo ŵazga. Kweni ivyo ŵakakhumbanga vikaŵa vya pa caru cose; umo yumoza wa awo ŵakambiska nchito iyi, Bishop wa ku Oxford, Samuel Wilberforce, wakayowoyera, nchito yikuru yikaŵa "kuzgora malonda kuŵa ghatuŵa, kumazga malonda gha ŵazga, ndiposo usange nchamacitiko, kuzenga vyaru vya mu Africa".
Nyanja ya Nyasa yikaŵa kutali comene na nyanja, ndipo pakwamba vinthu vikendanga makora yayi pa nkhani ya munkhwala ku Likoma. Pulogiramu iyi yikamba mu 1894, apo dokotala munyake wa ku UMCA wakakhalako nyengo yicoko waka. Munthu uyo wakanjira mu malo ghake wakaŵa Rev. John Edward Hine, uyo nangauli wakaŵa dokotala, kweni wakawonanga kuti mulimo uwu ngwakuzirwa yayi. Apo Hine wakasankhika kuŵa bishopu wa ku Eastern Equatorial Africa mu 1896, wakasankha kuŵika mtima comene pa vinthu vyauzimu m'malo mwa vya umoyo.
Ŵadumbu ŵa Chauncy Maples na Dr. Robert Howard wakasintha comene vinthu pa nkhani ya munkhwala na wovwiri wa munkhwala ku ŵanthu awo ŵakakhalanga mumphepete mwa nyanja. Mwaluŵiro, Howard wakambiska ndondomeko yakovwira ŵanthu kuti ŵaŵe na umoyo uwemi. Kuzakafika m'ma 1930, masiteshoni ghanandi, kusazgapo agho ghakaŵa ku vigaŵa vyakutali, ghakaŵa na maofesi gha vipatala agho ghakaŵa na ŵasilikari ŵa ku Africa. Pakugwiliskira nchito fundo zakukhwaskana na matenda agho ŵadokotala ŵanyake ŵa mu cigaŵa ici, comenecomene ŵa ku Scotland, ŵakasanga, Dr. Howard wakambiska pulogiramu yakulimbana na maleriya, ndipo pamoza na ŵanyake ku ofesi ya ku Blantyre, ŵakambiska pulogiramu ya katemera wakwimikana na nthomba.
Pa mulimo uwo ukaŵa na vyakukhumbikwa vichoko, mtengo wa kunozga boti ili ukakhumbikwiranga kuŵika mtima comene pa vyakurya. Pakuti ngalaŵa iyi yikaŵa na maji ghanandi, yikendanga pa malo ghose gha nyanja. Kweni nkhani ya kukora ŵazga yikaŵa yakusuzga comene, cifukwa yikakhumbikwiranga ŵanthu ŵanandi kuti ŵavikilire malo agha kweniso kuti ŵamanye mphaka izo zikaŵa pakati pa mulimo wa kupharazga, munkhwala, na malonda. Kupenja ŵanthu ŵakwenelera awo ŵakaŵa ŵakunozgeka kupokera malipiro ghacoko ndiposo masuzgo gha umoyo wa pa nyanja, cikaŵa cinthu cimoza; kweni cifukwa cakuti ŵantchito ŵa ku Europe ŵakakhumbanga kuti ŵaleke kutora panji kutengwa, cikaŵa cinonono comene. Pa vyose ivi pakaŵa masuzgo agho ghakaŵapo cifukwa cakuti ŵasilikari aŵa ŵakakhumbanga comene kuti ŵalutilire kucita milimo yawo mu nyanja ya Nyasa. Ŵa Chauncy Maples ŵakagwiranga nchito mu caru ico mukaŵa mauthenga ghawemi agho ghakapelekanga wovwiri wakukhumbikwa comene ku ŵakavu mu nyengo iyo vinthu vikaŵa vyambura kwenda makora mu ndyali ndiposo mu nyengo ya ufumu.
Ngalaŵa iyi yikateŵeteranga ŵanthu ŵa ku Nyasaland kwa vyaka vyakujumpha 50 m'paka mu 1953, apo yikaguliskika na kuzgoka boti lakuyegha somba. Mu 1967, boma la Malawi likagura boti ili, ndipo likasintha kuti liŵe la ŵanthu na katundu. Makina ghake ghakusungirako vinthu ghali mu Lake Malawi Museum ku Mangochi. Pa nyengo yasono ngaraŵa iyi yili ku Monkey Bay.
Nangauli ntchito ya ku cipatala yikacitikanga cifukwa ca kugomezga kuti munkhwala wa ku vyaru vya kumanjiliro gha dazi nguwemi ku ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa, kweni yikaŵa ndondomeko ya kujipata yayi. Ŵamishonale aŵa ŵakeneranga kulongora umo ŵanthu ŵa mu nyengo ya Victoria ŵakawoneranga Africa na ŵanthu ŵa mu Africa. Nga umo vikaŵira na ntchito ya umishonale mu vigaŵa vinyake vya mu Africa, mulimo uwu ukawonekanga kuŵa nthowa yikuru yakulongolera nkhongono na cisisi ca uthenga wa Cikristu.[9]
Kweni nangauli ŵamishonale ŵakwenera kuwoneka nga mbakusambizga visambizgo vya chisopa, kweni ntchito yawo yakupharazga vya vyakurya vya ku vyaru vya kumanjiliro gha dazi yikakhwaska chomene umoyo wa ŵanthu. Kuzakafika mu 1965, matchalitchi ghakapanga vipatala pafupifupi 45 pa vipatala vyose mu Malawi.[9]
Ŵamishonale ŵanyake awo ŵakakhalanga pa ngaraŵa iyi ŵakamanya kuti ntchito yawo yikaŵa yakuzizika. Wasembe Mukuru George Wilson wakalemba mu diary yake kuti:
Kulikose uko munthu wa ku Europe wakuluta, wakuwoneka kuti wali na nkhongono zakusintha vinthu. Ici nchinthu cakuzirwa comene ku wose awo ŵakutemwa Ŵafrika, cifukwa nkhumanya yayi usange kusintha uku nkhwakwenelera".[10]
Ŵanandi awo ŵakuyowoyapo mphanyi ŵakakolerana kuti sono ntchakukhumbikwa kusintha vinthu mwaluŵiro, nga umo Rev. Robert Keable, mishonale ku Zanzibar:
"Tikanjira mu nyumba iyo yikaŵa na viliŵa vinandi, panji mu luŵaza ulo lukaŵa nga ni msika wa ŵazga. Kanandi mu kanyumba ako ŵakaŵikangamo ŵanalume, ŵanakazi, na ŵana ŵakaŵangamo ŵanalume pafupifupi 150, ndipo zuŵa lililose 'ŵakaŵapelekanga' kwa uyo wakapeleka ndalama zinandi".[11]
Munthu waliyose wakeneranga kusuzgika comene. Mu minda ya St. Tchalitchi la Michael ku Blantyre, ilo lili na zina la msumba uwo Livingstone wakababikiramo ku Scotland, lili na malibwe ghakukumbukirako ŵanthu 14 awo ŵakafwira ku Africa. Pa malibwe agha pali deti ilo wakafwira, likamba mu 1890 m'paka 1919. Mu buku la Mateyu muli mazgu ghakuti: "Uyo wakutaya umoyo wake cifukwa ca ine wawusangenge".[12]
Pa nyengo iyo ŵakendera boti ili mu 1992, ŵakasanga kuti likapwetekeka comene yayi. [Pakukhumbika ukaboni apa] Chitsulo icho chikapangika mu 1899 chikwenera kuti chikawovwira chomene kuti sitima iyi yiŵe yakutowa. Mu Janyuwale 2012, ŵakayegha boti ili pa mtunda kuti ŵalutilire kunozga.
Boma la Malawi ndilo likulongozga mulimo uwu ndipo likovwira na chawanangwa cha Chauncy Maples Malawi Trust ku Britain. Ŵanthu ŵakaghanaghananga kuti ngalaŵa iyi yizamuŵaso na mulimo uwo yikaghanaghananga kuchita kuumaliro wa 2014. Ŵati ŵawuskapo mapayipi agha, gulu la ŵadokotala likamba kovwira ŵanthu awo ŵakakhalanga mumphepete mwa nyanja ya Malawi. Ŵanthu awo ŵakukhala mu nyanja iyi ŵalije wovwiri wa munkhwala ndipo ŵakusuzgika na maleriya, HIV-AIDS, na TB. Munthu wakuŵa na umoyo utali kwa vyaka pafupifupi 53.
Mu 2017, wupu uwu ukati mulimo uwu walekeka.[13]
"Bungwe la Chauncy Maples Malawi Trust (CMMT) ilo lili ku UK pamoza na kampani yakuzenga ya ku Portugal, Mota-Engil, ŵakudandawura kuti mulimo wawo wakunozga boti la mishonale la vyaka 100, la Chauncy Maples, kuti liŵe chipatala pa Nyanja ya Malawi, uzamucitika yayi. Apo mulimo wa kuzenga ngalaŵa uwu ukendanga makora, pakaŵa masuzgo ghanyake agho ghakawoneka kuti ghangatimbanizga mulimo wa kuzenga ngalaŵa.
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