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Sierra Leone
charu cha Ufumu / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Sierra Leone,[note 1] mwalamulo Charu cha Sierra Leone, ni chalo icho chili ku mpoto kwa Africa. Kumwera kwa charu ichi kuli Liberia, ndipo kumpoto kwake kuli charu cha Guinea. Malo ghose agho ghakukwana 71,740 km2 (27,699 sq mi),[10] Ku Sierra Leone kuli mphepo yakotcha, ndipo kuli malo ghakupambanapambana. Ŵanthu awo ŵakakhalanga mu charu ichi ŵakaŵa 7,092,113.[11] Msumba wa Freetown ndiwo ni msumba ukuru chomene. Charu chili na vigaŵa vinkhondi, ndipo vigaŵa ivi vili mu vigaŵa 16.[12][13]
Charu cha Sierra Leone |
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Chiluso: "Unity, Freedom, Justice" | ||||||
Nyimbo: "High We Exalt Thee, Realm of the Free" |
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![]() Makhalilo gha Sierra Leone (dark green) Makhalilo gha Sierra Leone (dark green) |
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Msumba Waboma kweneso Msumba Usani | Freetown | |||||
Chiyowoyelo chaboma | English | |||||
Viyowoyelo vyaboma | Krio | |||||
Mitundu ya Ŵanthu (2015[1]) |
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Vipembezo | Islam (78.5%) Christianity (20.4%) Others (1.1%) |
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Mwenecharu | Sierra Leonean | |||||
Mtundu wa Boma | Unitary presidential republic | |||||
- | President | Julius Maada Bio | ||||
- | Vice-President | Mohamed Juldeh Jalloh | ||||
- | Chief Minister | Jacob Jusu Saffa[2] | ||||
- | Speaker of Parliament | Abass Chernor Bundu | ||||
Independence from the United Kingdom | ||||||
- | Dominion | 27 April 1961 | ||||
- | Republic | 19 April 1971 | ||||
Ukulu wa Malo | ||||||
- | Malo | 71,740 km2 (117th) 27,699 sq mi |
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- | Maji (%) | 1.1 | ||||
Chiŵelengelo cha ŵanthu | ||||||
- | 2023 estimate | 8,908,040[3] (100th) | ||||
- | Density | 112/km2 (114tha) 291/sq mi |
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GDP (PPP) | 2022 estimate | |||||
- | Total | ![]() |
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- | Per capita | ![]() |
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GDP (nominal) | 2022 estimate | |||||
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- | Per capita | ![]() |
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Gini (2018) | 35.7[5] medium |
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HDI (2021) | ![]() low ·181st |
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Ndalama | Leone (SLL ) |
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Mtundu Wanyengo | GMT (UTC ) | |||||
Kalembelo kasiku | dd/mm/yyyy | |||||
Woko la galimoto | right | |||||
Intaneti yacharu | .sl | |||||
a. | Rank based on 2007 figure |
Sierra Leone ni charu icho chili na dango lakuyana na malango ndipo chili na nyumba yimoza ya maparamendi. Pulezidenti wa sono ni Julius Maada Bio. Sierra Leone ni caru ico cikulondezga yayi visambizgo vya boma. Ŵasilamu ŵalipo pafupifupi vigaŵa vitatu pa vigaŵa vinayi vya ŵanthu wose ŵa mu charu ichi. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ku Sierra Leone ŵakutemwa kusopa mwakufwatuka, ndipo ichi ntchimanyikwiro cha ŵanthu ŵa mu charu ichi.[14][15]
Chigaŵa ichi chikaŵa na ŵanthu kwa vyaka vinandi, kweni Sierra Leone, nga umo charu ichi na mphaka zake vikumanyikwira mazuŵa ghano, chikazengeka na ufumu wa Britain mu vigaŵa viŵiri: chakwamba, Sierra Leone Colony mu 1808 (pakuti ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa ŵakawelera kwawo chifukwa cha kulekeska wuzga); chachiŵiri, Protectorate mu 1896 (pakuti ufumu ukakhumbikwiranga kuwusa chomene mu charu chifukwa cha ivyo vikachitika pa ungano wa ku Berlin mu 1884-1885). Lekani charu ichi chikachemekanga Sierra Leone Colony and Protectorate panji British Sierra Leone.[16][17] Sierra Leone yikamba kujiyimira pawekha pa 27 Epulero, 1961, ndipo yikazgoka chigaŵa cha Commonwealth pa zuŵa lenelili. Milton Margai wakaŵa nduna yikuru yakwamba ya Sierra Leone.[18]
Mu vyaka vyakumasinda, Sierra Leone yikaŵa na masuzgo gha ndyali, kusinthika kwa vinthu, vivulupi, kweniso masuzgo gha vya ŵanthu. Charu ichi chikaŵa na mavoti ghakwamba pa 27 May 1961. Chipani cha Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP) cha Margai chikapokera vithuzithuzi vinandi mu Nyumba ya Malamulo ndipo wakasankhikaso kuŵa nduna yikuru. Mu 1971, pakaŵa dango liphya ilo likawovwira kuti Sierra Leone waŵe charu cha demokilase. Stevens wakasunga udindo uwu kwa virimika 14 (m'paka 1985) mu boma la chipani cimoza ilo likaŵa na fundo zakususkana na malango gha mu 1978. Ndipouli, Joseph Saidu Momoh, uyo wakasankhika na Stevens, wakalayizga kuti wazamuwezgera caru ku ndondomeko ya vyaru vinandi. [19]Mu chaka chenechichi, pakawuka nkhondo ya pawenenawene iyo yikatora vyaka 11. Mu 1992, pati pajumpha waka cilimika cimoza nkhondo yati yayamba, Pulezidenti Momoh wakawuskika pa udindo mu boma na kugalukira boma. Nyengo yikati yajumphapo, mulara wa ŵasilikari, Julius Maada Bio, wakawuskapo Strasser pa udindo wake cifukwa wakatondeka kusintha vinthu mwaluŵiro. Bio wakaweleraso ku boma la demokilase mu 1996 kwizira mu maungano gha chalo.[19]
Kuuyambiro wa 1996, nangauli caru cikaŵa mu nkhondo ya cikaya, kweni ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku Sierra Leone ŵakaŵa na cilindizga ciwemi cakuti ŵazakawelere ku boma la demokilase. Paumaliro, fundo yakuti, "Visola pambere mtende undaŵeko" ndiyo yikaluska. Mu 1996, Ahmad Tejan Kabbah ndiyo wakathereska mavoti ndipo wakaŵa pulezidenti wakwamba wa Sierra Leone uyo wakasankhika na maboma ghanandi. Kufuma waka pa nyengo iyi, ŵanthu ŵakuluta ku maungano mwakukolerana. Mu 1997, Kabbah wakawuskika pa udindo mu boma na mulara wa ŵasilikari wa Sierra Leone, Johnny Paul Koroma. Kabbah wakaluta ku charu cha Guinea. Wakawezgekeramo mu uteŵeti wake pamanyuma pa myezi yinkhondi na umoza cifukwa ca kunjilirapo kwa ŵasilikari ŵa ECOMOG. Mulimo wa Kabbah ukaŵa wakwamba kwa Sierra Leone yiphya, iyo yikaŵa na umaliro wa nkhondo ya pa cikaya mu 2002, kughanaghanira comene za kukhozga umoza na kuphemana, kugomezga boma, mtende na kukhazikika, kusintha ubwezi na vyaru vinandi, na kuwuskapo ŵasilikari ŵa Sierra Leone.[20][21]
Ku Sierra Leone kuli mafuko pafupifupi 18. Pa ŵanthu wose ŵa mu charu ichi, ŵanthu ŵaŵiri pa ŵaŵiri ŵali mu mtundu wa Creole. Chingelezi ndicho chikuyowoyeka pa sukulu na mu boma. Chiyowoyero cha Krio ndicho chikuyowoyeka chomene mu Sierra Leone. Sierra Leone njakuzura na vinthu vyakuthupi, comenecomene dayamondi, golide, bauxite na aluminiyamu. Charu ichi chili mu wupu wa United Nations, African Union, Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), Mano River Union, Commonwealth of Nations, IMF, World Bank, WTO, African Development Bank, na Organisation of Islamic Cooperation. Ku Sierra Leone ndiko kuli yunivesite yakwamba ya ku Western ku sub-Saharan Africa: Fourah Bay College (iyo yikambika mu 1827).[22]