Confucius
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Confucius (/kənˈfjuːʃəs/ kən-FEW-shəs; Chinese: 孔夫子; pinyin: Kǒng Fūzǐ, "Master Kǒng"; or commonly 孔子; Kǒngzǐ; c. 551 – c. 479 BCE) wakaŵa wavinjeru na wandale wa ku China wa nyengo ya Chigumula na Chigumula uyo kanandi wakuwoneka nga ni munthu wakuzirwa chomene pa ŵanthu ŵavinjeru ŵa ku China. Visambizgo vya Confucius na vinjeru vyake ndivyo vikovwira kuti ŵanthu ŵa ku East Asia ŵakhalenge makora.[24]
Confucius | |
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孔子 | |
Kubabika | Kǒng Qiū c. 551 BCE |
Kufwa | c. 479 BCE (aged 71–72) Si River, State of Lu |
Resting place | Cemetery of Confucius, State of Lu |
Mbumba | Lady Qiguan |
Ŵana | Kong Li (son) Kong Jiao (daughter) |
Banja | Shuliang He (father) Yan Zhengzai (mother) |
Era | Hundred Schools of Thought (Ancient philosophy) |
Region | Chinese philosophy |
School | Confucianism |
Notable students | Yan Hui, Zengzi Disciples of Confucius |
Main interests | Ethics, education, music,[1] poetry,[2] political philosophy, Social philosophy |
Notable ideas | Confucianism, Silver Rule |
Influences
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Influenced
Virtually all subsequent Chinese philosophy, particularly Mencius, Xun Kuang, Zhu Xi, Wang Shouren, the Neotaoists, as well as Han Yu and the Neoconfucians. Also influenced multiple Western thinkers including Niels Bohr,[4][5][6] Benjamin Franklin,[7][8][9] Allen Ginsberg,[10][11][12] Thomas Jefferson,[13][14][15] Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Robert Cummings Neville, Alexander Pope,[16][17] Ezra Pound, François Quesnay, Friedrich Schiller,[18][19][20] Voltaire,[21][22][23] and Christian Wolff | |
Confucius | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Chinese name | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chinese | 孔子 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hanyu Pinyin | Kǒngzǐ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Literal meaning | "Master Kǒng" | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Kong Qiu | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chinese | 孔丘 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hanyu Pinyin | Kǒng Qiū | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Confucius wakajiwonanga kuti ni munthu uyo wakachitanga vinthu ivyo vikaŵa mu nyengo yakale, kweni wakati ŵanthu ŵakavileka. Visambizgo vyake vya vinjeru vya ŵanthu, ivyo vikumanyikwa kuti Confucianism, vikayowoyanga chomene za nkharo yiwemi ya munthu na ya boma, umo ŵanthu ŵakwenera kucitira vinthu, urunji, lusungu, na kugomezgeka. Ŵalondezgi ŵake ŵakasuskananga na masukulu ghanyake ghanandi mu nyengo ya Masukulu Ghakukwana 100 gha Maghanoghano. Ufumu wa Qin ukati wabwangandulika, ndipo ufumu wa Han ukati watonda boma la Chu, fundo za Confucius zikazomerezgeka na boma liphya. Mu nyengo ya muwuso wa ŵa Tang na Song, chisopa cha Confucian chikamba kuwoneka ku vyaru vya kumanjiliro gha dazi. Chisopa cha Confucius chikaŵa chigaŵa cha ŵanthu ŵa ku China.
Kanandi ŵanthu ŵakuti Confucius ndiyo wakalemba panji kung'anamura mabuku ghanandi gha ku China, kusazgapo mabuku gha Classics ghankhondi. Vinyake ivyo wakasambizganga vikaŵa vyakale chomene.[25] Mu buku la Analects mukalembeka mazgu ghakukhwaskana na visambizgo vyake, kweni ghakalembeka pati pajumpha vyaka vinandi kufuma apo wakafwira.
Fundo za Confucius zikuyana na za ŵanthu ŵa ku China. Cifukwa ca kutemwa comene Ciuta, wakaciska kuti mbumba yiŵe yakugomezgeka, ŵana ŵawo ŵacindikenge ŵapapi ŵawo, ndipo ŵawoli ŵawo ŵacindikenge ŵacekuru. Iyo wakazomera fundo yakuti: "Lekani kuchitira ŵanyinu ivyo mungatemwa yayi kuti ŵamuchitirani".