พิพิธภัณฑ์วิทยา หรือ พิพิธภัณฑสถานวิทยา (อังกฤษ : museology ) หรือ พิพิธภัณฑ์ศึกษา (อังกฤษ : museum studies ) เป็นสาขาวิชาที่ศึกษาเกี่ยวกับพิพิธภัณฑ์ ในด้านประวัติศาสตร์ของพิพิธภัณฑ์และบทบาทของพิพิธภัณฑ์ในสังคม ตลอดจนกิจกรรมที่พิพิธภัณฑ์มีส่วนร่วม รวมไปถึงการดูแล การอนุรักษ์ การจัดรายการสาธารณะ และการศึกษา
พิพิธภัณฑ์มานุษยวิทยาที่มหาวิทยาลัยบริติชโคลัมเบีย
คำศัพท์ที่ใช้ระบุถึงสาขาวิชาที่ศึกษาเกี่ยวข้องพิพิธภัณฑ์แตกต่างกันไปขึ้นอยู่กับภาษาและภูมิศาสตร์ ตัวอย่างเช่น แม้คำว่า “museology” (พิพิธภัณฑ์วิทยา) จะแพร่หลายมากขึ้นในภาษาอังกฤษ แต่มักใช้เพื่อกล่าวถึงถึงการศึกษาเกี่ยวกับพิพิธภัณฑ์ในประเทศฝรั่งเศส (muséologie) สเปน (museología) เยอรมนี (Museologie) อิตาลี (museologia) และโปรตุเกส ( museologia) ในขณะที่ผู้พูดภาษาอังกฤษมักใช้คำว่า "museum studies" (พิพิธภัณฑ์ศึกษา) เพื่อกล่าวถึงสาขาวิชาเดียวกันนี้[1] ภาษากรีก “museographia” (ฝรั่งเศส: muséographie, สเปน: museografía, เยอรมนี: Museographie, อิตาลี: museografia, โปรตุเกส: museografia) ในขณะที่ผู้พูดภาษาอังกฤษโดยทั่วไปจะใช้คำว่า “museum practice” หรือ “operational museology”[2]
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