Nikola II wa Urusi

Nikola wa II wa Urusi (kwa Kirusi: Николай II Алекса́ндрович, Nikolai II Aleksandrovich; St. Petersburg, Urusi, 18 Mei 1868 – Yekaterinburg, Urusi, 17 Julai 1918) alikuwa tsar (mtawala wa kifalme au kaisari) wa mwisho wa Urusi (kuanzia tarehe 1 Novemba 1894 hadi alipozalimishwa kujiuzulu tarehe 15 Machi 1917).

Picha halisi ya Mt. Nikola II, mwaka 1909.

Familia yake nzima iliuawa na Wakomunisti. Kwa sababu hiyo wote wanaheshimiwa na Waorthodoksi kama watakatifu wafiadini^[1].

Tazama pia

• Historia ya Urusi
• Vita ya Japani na Urusi ya 1905
• Mapinduzi ya Urusi ya 1917
• Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale
• Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo
• Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika
• Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko

Tanbihi

1. Shevchenko, Maxim (2000). "The Glorification of the Royal Family". Nezavisimaya Gazeta. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo Agosti 24, 2005. Iliwekwa mnamo Desemba 10, 2006. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)

Vyanzo

• Figes, Orlando (2015). A People's Tragedy: The Russian Revolution 1891−1924. The Bodley Head.
• King, Greg (1994). The Last Empress. Birch Lane Press.
• King, Greg (2006). The Court of the Last Czar: Pomp, Power and Pageantry in the Reign of Nicholas II. John Wiley & Sons.
• Kowner, Rotem (2006). Historical Dictionary of the Russo-Japanese War. ISBN 0-8108-4927-5: The Scarecrow Press.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
• Massie, Robert K. (1967). Nicholas and Alexandra.
• Massie, Robert K. (1995). The Fate of the Romanovs: The Final Chapter. Random House. ISBN 0-394-58048-6.
• Tames, Richard (1972). Last of the Tsars. London: Pan Books Ltd.
• Warth, Robert D. (1997). Nicholas II, The Life and Reign of Russia's Last Monarch. Praeger. ISBN 0275958329.

Marejeo mengine

• The Sokolov Report, in Victor Alexandrov, "The End of The Romanovs", London: 1966
• Boris Antonov, Russian Czars, St. Petersburg, Ivan Fiodorov Art Publishers (ISBN 5-93893-109-6)
• Michael M. Baden, Chapter III: Time of Death and Changes after Death. Part 4: Exhumation, In: Spitz, W.U. & Spitz, D.J. (eds): Spitz and Fisher’s Medicolegal Investigation of Death. Guideline for the Application of Pathology to Crime Investigations (Fourth edition). Charles C. Thomas, pp.: 174–183, Springfield, Illinois: 2006
• Paul Grabbe, "The Private World of the Last Czar" New York: 1985
• Genrikh Ioffe, Revoliutsiia i sud'ba Romanovykh Moscow: Respublika, 1992 (Kirusi)
• Coryne Hall & John Van der Kiste, Once A Grand Duchess : Xenia, Sister of Nicholas II, Phoenix Mill, Sutton Publishing Ltd., 2002 (hardcover, ISBN 0-7509-2749-6)
• Dominic Lieven, Nicholas II: Emperor of All the Russias. 1993.
• Andrei Maylunas and Sergei Mironenko, A Lifelong Passion: Nicholas & Alexandra 1999
• Marvin Lyons, Nicholas II The Last Czar, London, Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1974 (hardcover, ISBN 0-7100-7802-1)
• Shay McNeal, "The Secret Plot to Save the Czar" 2001
• Bernard Pares, "The Fall of the Russian Monarchy" London: 1939, reprint London: 1988
• John Curtis Perry and Konstantin Pleshakov, The Flight of the Romanovs. 1999.
• Edvard Radzinsky, The Last Tsar: The Life and Death of Nicholas II (1992) ISBN 0-385-42371-3.
• Samten, Jampa. (2010). "Notes on the Thirteenth Dalai Lama's Confidential Letter to the Tsar of Russia." In: The Tibet Journal, Special issue. Autumn 2009 vol XXXIV n. 3-Summer 2010 vol XXXV n. 2. "The Earth Ox Papers", edited by Roberto Vitali, pp. 357–370.
• Mark D. Steinberg and Vladimir M. Khrustalev, The Fall of the Romanovs: Political Dreams and Personal Struggles in a Time of Revolution, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1995.
• Anthony Summers and Tom Mangold, The File on the Czar. 1976.
• Andrew M. Verner, The Crisis of the Russian Autocracy: Nicholas II and the 1905 Revolution 1990
• Richard Wortman, Scenarios of Power: Myth and Ceremony in Russian Monarchy, vol. 2 2000
• Prince Felix Yussupov, Lost Splendour
• Elisabeth Heresch, "Nikolaus II. Feigheit, Lüge und Verrat". F.A.Herbig Verlagsbuchhandlung, München, 1992
• The Complete Wartime Correspondence of Czar Nicholas II and the Empress Alexandra, April 1914 – March 1917. Edited by Joseph T. Furhmann Fuhrmann. Westport, Conn. and London: 1999
• Letters of Czar Nicholas and Empress Marie Ed. Edward J. Bing. London: 1937
• Letters of the Czar to the Czaritsa, 1914–1917 Trans. from Russian translations from the original English. E. L. Hynes. London and New York: 1929
• Nicky-Sunny Letters: correspondence of the Czar and Czaritsa, 1914–1917. Hattiesburg, Miss: 1970.
• The Secret Letters of the Last Czar: Being the Confidential Correspondence between Nicholas II and his Mother, Dowager Empress Maria Feodorovna. Ed. Edward J. Bing. New York and Toronto: 1938
• Willy-Nicky Correspondence: Being the Secret and Intimate Telegrams Exchanged Between the Kaiser and the Czar. Ed. Herman Bernstein. New York: 1917.
• Paul Benckendorff, Last Days at Czarskoe Selo. London: 1927
• Sophie Buxhoeveden, The Life and Tragedy of Alexandra Fedorovna, Empress of Russia: A Biography London: 1928
• Pierre Gilliard, Thirteen Years at the Russian Court New York: 1921
• A. A. Mossolov (Mosolov), At the Court of the Last Czar London: 1935
• Anna Vyrubova, Memories of the Russian Court London: 1923
• A.Yarmolinsky, editor, "The Memoirs of Count Witte" New York & Toronto: 1921
• Sir George Buchanan (British Ambassador) My Mission to Russia & Other Diplomatic Memories (2 vols, Cassell, 1923)
• Meriel Buchanan, Dissolution of an Empire, Cassell, 1932
• Gleb Botkin, The Real Romanovs, Fleming H. Revell Co, 1931
• Mark D. Steinberg and Vladimir M. Khrustalev, The Fall of the Romanovs: Political Dreams and Personal Struggles in a Time of Revolution. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1995
• Page, Walter Hines; Page, Arthur Wilson (Oktoba 1904). "The Personality of the Czar: An Explanation, By A Russian Official Of High Authority". The World's Work: A History of Our Time. VIII: 5414–5430. {{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)

Viungo vya nje

WikiMedia Commons

Wikimedia Commons ina media kuhusu:

Nicholas II of Russia

• Nicholas_II katika Open Directory Project
• Photos of the last visit of Tsar Nicholas and family to France, to Cherbourg 1909 from contemporary Magazine, Illustration
• The Execution of Czar Nicholas II, 1918, EyeWitness to History.
• Brief Summary of Czar
• Abdication Proclamation, 2 March 1917 (the signature was put in pencil) (translation included)
• Alexander Palace Time Machine
• Nicholas and Alexandra Exhibition
• Frozentears.org A Media Library to Nicholas II and his Family.
• Romanov sisters
• Scientists Reopen Czar Mystery Ilihifadhiwa 7 Oktoba 2008 kwenye Wayback Machine.
• Ipatiev House — Romanov Memorial detailed site on the historical context, circumstances and drama surrounding the Romanov's execution
• (Kirusi) The Murder of Russia's Imperial Family Ilihifadhiwa 22 Machi 2007 kwenye Wayback Machine., Nicolay Sokolov. Investigation of execution of the Romanov Imperial Family in 1918.
• (Kirusi) Nikolay II — Life and Death, Edvard Radzinski. Later published in English as The Last Czar: the Life and Death of Nicholas II.
• (Kirusi) Memoirs: The reign of Nicholas II 1-12 13-33 34-45 46-52 (incomplete), Sergei Witte. It was originally published in 1922 in Berlin. No complete English translations are available yet.
• New Russian Martyrs. Czar Nicholas and His Family. A story of life, canonisation. Photoalbum.
• Russian History Magazine Ilihifadhiwa 8 Februari 2007 kwenye Wayback Machine. Articles about the Romanovs from Atlantis magazine.
• Resurrecting the Czar Ilihifadhiwa 28 Desemba 2013 kwenye Wayback Machine. – November 2010 (Smithsonian magazine)
• The coronation of Emperor Nicholas II. 26 (14, old style), may, 1896. Historical photos. Ilihifadhiwa 11 Mei 2018 kwenye Wayback Machine.
• Romanovs. The eighth film. Alexander III; Nicholas II katika YouTube. – Historical reconstruction "The Romanovs". StarMedia. Babich-Design(Russia, 2013)

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